Question 1

Why has the UDHR been criticized?

Accepted Answer

A) Conservatives in the United States want to push for more rights for people throughout the world. 
B) Few countries have been convinced to sign the agreement. 
C) The agreement has had no effect on human rights law. 
D) Countries in western Europe complain that the declaration's provisions are enforced too strictly. 
E) It is seen as biased toward a Western conception of rights. 
A) Conservatives in the United States want to push for more rights for people throughout the world. 
B) Few countries have been convinced to sign the agreement. 
C) The agreement has had no effect on human rights law. 
D) Countries in western Europe complain that the declaration's provisions are enforced too strictly. 
E) It is seen as biased toward a Western conception of rights. E

Question 2

Why have scholars recently changed their opinion on whether global human rights violations have increased or decreased over the past 35 years?

Accepted Answer

A) The United Nations has placed more emphasis on tracking human rights violations. 
B) Countries have come out and admitted to older human rights violations about which we did not previously know. 
C) Few scholars were looking into human rights issues earlier than 2000. 
D) Reliable statistics have only recently become available for the 1980s. 
E) The definition for what counts as a human rights violation has expanded over time. 
A) The United Nations has placed more emphasis on tracking human rights violations. 
B) Countries have come out and admitted to older human rights violations about which we did not previously know. 
C) Few scholars were looking into human rights issues earlier than 2000. 
D) Reliable statistics have only recently become available for the 1980s. 
E) The definition for what counts as a human rights violation has expanded over time. E

Question 3

Why is the effort to promote human rights uneven?

Accepted Answer

A) The International Criminal Court (IC
C) is biased about which human rights cases it chooses to enforce. 
B) States consistently violate the principle of sovereignty. 
C) Human rights violations in one country significantly affect the populations in other countries. 
D) There is disagreement about what constitutes a human right. 
E) There are fads about which human rights are most important to enforce. 
A) The International Criminal Court (IC
C) is biased about which human rights cases it chooses to enforce. 
B) States consistently violate the principle of sovereignty. 
C) Human rights violations in one country significantly affect the populations in other countries. 
D) There is disagreement about what constitutes a human right. 
E) There are fads about which human rights are most important to enforce. D

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a prisoner of conscience?

Accepted Answer

A) An individual who lives in a state despite disagreeing with the government. 
B) An international organization that cannot get legal status within a particular country. 
C) An individual imprisoned for his or her nonviolent political beliefs. 
D) An individual imprisoned for taking up arms against the government. 
E) A domestic,political organization that has had its financial accounts frozen by a state. 
A) An individual who lives in a state despite disagreeing with the government. 
B) An international organization that cannot get legal status within a particular country. 
C) An individual imprisoned for his or her nonviolent political beliefs. 
D) An individual imprisoned for taking up arms against the government. 
E) A domestic,political organization that has had its financial accounts frozen by a state.

Question 5

Why is it costly for states to enforce human rights laws?

Accepted Answer

A) States are only compensated for military intervention if they are able to win the conflict. 
B) Economic sanctions on states that violate human rights also reduce the incomes of exporters in the sanctioning state. 
C) States that violate human rights abuses often want to be compensated as a reward for stopping their abuses. 
D) International organizations that enforce human rights require high dues payments from member states. 
E) States have to reduce human rights abuses in their own territories before they enforce human rights laws in other countries. 
A) States are only compensated for military intervention if they are able to win the conflict. 
B) Economic sanctions on states that violate human rights also reduce the incomes of exporters in the sanctioning state. 
C) States that violate human rights abuses often want to be compensated as a reward for stopping their abuses. 
D) International organizations that enforce human rights require high dues payments from member states. 
E) States have to reduce human rights abuses in their own territories before they enforce human rights laws in other countries.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a first-generation human right?

Accepted Answer

A) Free primary education. 
B) Freedom of religion. 
C) Freedom from hunger. 
D) Sufficient minimum wages. 
E) Equal opportunity for advancement. 
A) Free primary education. 
B) Freedom of religion. 
C) Freedom from hunger. 
D) Sufficient minimum wages. 
E) Equal opportunity for advancement.

Question 7

Which of the following illustrates the limitations of human rights norms?

Accepted Answer

A) The treatment of terror suspects by the United States after the 9/11 attacks. 
B) The inclusion of human rights provisions in regional trade agreements. 
C) The number of states that are parties to the ICCPR. 
D) The international condemnation of abuses committed in Chile by the Pinochet dictatorship. 
E) The Argentine military denying they were committing human rights abuses during the Dirty War. 
A) The treatment of terror suspects by the United States after the 9/11 attacks. 
B) The inclusion of human rights provisions in regional trade agreements. 
C) The number of states that are parties to the ICCPR. 
D) The international condemnation of abuses committed in Chile by the Pinochet dictatorship. 
E) The Argentine military denying they were committing human rights abuses during the Dirty War.

Question 8

All of the following are within the jurisdiction of the ICC EXCEPT the:

Accepted Answer

A) accused is a citizen of a state that has ratified the treaty establishing the ICC. 
B) crime in question took place on the territory of a state that has ratified the treaty establishing the ICC. 
C) accused has already been tried and found innocent by the courts of his own country. 
D) United Nations Security Council refers the case to the ICC prosecutor. 
E) country of the accused criminal has refused to investigate the case. 
A) accused is a citizen of a state that has ratified the treaty establishing the ICC. 
B) crime in question took place on the territory of a state that has ratified the treaty establishing the ICC. 
C) accused has already been tried and found innocent by the courts of his own country. 
D) United Nations Security Council refers the case to the ICC prosecutor. 
E) country of the accused criminal has refused to investigate the case.

Question 9

What is the International Bill of Rights?

Accepted Answer

A) The UDHR,the ICCPR,and the ICESCR. 
B) The UDHR. 
C) The ICCPR and the ICESCR. 
D) The ICCPR. 
E) The United Nations Charter. 
A) The UDHR,the ICCPR,and the ICESCR. 
B) The UDHR. 
C) The ICCPR and the ICESCR. 
D) The ICCPR. 
E) The United Nations Charter.

Question 10

What are human rights?

Accepted Answer

A) Rights that all individuals have,regardless of the country in which they live. 
B) Rights that are listed in the United Nations Charter. 
C) Civil liberties enforced by the International Court of Justice (World Court). 
D) Civil liberties observed in western Europe and the United States. 
E) Constitutional rights guaranteed for people living in countries that are members of the United Nations. 
A) Rights that all individuals have,regardless of the country in which they live. 
B) Rights that are listed in the United Nations Charter. 
C) Civil liberties enforced by the International Court of Justice (World Court). 
D) Civil liberties observed in western Europe and the United States. 
E) Constitutional rights guaranteed for people living in countries that are members of the United Nations.

Question 11

All of the following are important ongoing innovations in international human rights EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) bilateral negotiations. 
B) individual petition. 
C) transitional justice. 
D) the International Criminal Court. 
E) harnessing material interests. 
A) bilateral negotiations. 
B) individual petition. 
C) transitional justice. 
D) the International Criminal Court. 
E) harnessing material interests.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of individual petition?

Accepted Answer

A) Nicaragua sued the United States in the World Court over U.S.mining of Nicaragua's port. 
B) A Spanish judge issued an arrest warrant for former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet. 
C) A Kurdish immigrant asked to be granted refugee status in Germany,because of human rights abuses she suffered in Turkey. 
D) A person with a same-sex partner filed a petition with the European Court of Justice alleging that her government had violated her rights. 
E) International human rights groups asked the government of Iran to release a journalist who had been detained by police in Tehran. 
A) Nicaragua sued the United States in the World Court over U.S.mining of Nicaragua's port. 
B) A Spanish judge issued an arrest warrant for former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet. 
C) A Kurdish immigrant asked to be granted refugee status in Germany,because of human rights abuses she suffered in Turkey. 
D) A person with a same-sex partner filed a petition with the European Court of Justice alleging that her government had violated her rights. 
E) International human rights groups asked the government of Iran to release a journalist who had been detained by police in Tehran.

Question 13

What was the basis for many of the rights in the UDHR?

Accepted Answer

A) The Bible. 
B) The United Nations Charter. 
C) President Franklin D.Roosevelt's New Deal. 
D) The constitution of the Soviet Union. 
E) The International Court of Justice. 
A) The Bible. 
B) The United Nations Charter. 
C) President Franklin D.Roosevelt's New Deal. 
D) The constitution of the Soviet Union. 
E) The International Court of Justice.

Question 14

Which of the following is the best example of how a transnational advocacy network (TAN)can enforce human rights standards?

Accepted Answer

A) International nongovernmental organizations arranged a boycott of Nestlé products to improve the health and welfare of infants in developing countries. 
B) Multinational corporations arranged a coup in Guatemala to help protect their commercial interests from being infringed. 
C) The United States,Great Britain,and other countries invaded Iraq to remove Saddam Hussein's abusive government. 
D) International nongovernmental organizations caused the U.S.government to cut aid to Argentina by reporting on human rights abuses. 
E) The Organization of American States suspended Cuba's membership after the communist revolution of 1959. 
A) International nongovernmental organizations arranged a boycott of Nestlé products to improve the health and welfare of infants in developing countries. 
B) Multinational corporations arranged a coup in Guatemala to help protect their commercial interests from being infringed. 
C) The United States,Great Britain,and other countries invaded Iraq to remove Saddam Hussein's abusive government. 
D) International nongovernmental organizations caused the U.S.government to cut aid to Argentina by reporting on human rights abuses. 
E) The Organization of American States suspended Cuba's membership after the communist revolution of 1959.

Question 15

In addition to the UDHR,the first international treaty to protect human rights covered:

Accepted Answer

A) freedom of movement. 
B) freedom of speech. 
C) asylum from persecution. 
D) freedom from genocide. 
E) access to health care. 
A) freedom of movement. 
B) freedom of speech. 
C) asylum from persecution. 
D) freedom from genocide. 
E) access to health care.

Question 16

Why does the self-interest of protectionist groups increase the effectiveness of RTAs in enforcing human rights law?

Accepted Answer

A) Protectionist groups would prefer to have free-trade agreements revoked,which makes them more vigilant in examining the human rights records of other member states. 
B) Since protectionist groups approve of free-trade agreements only with democratic states,their governments tend to sign treaties with states that already have good human rights records. 
C) Protectionist groups want trade agreements to succeed,so they advocate for more aid to help other countries avoid human rights abuses that would jeopardize their trading status. 
D) Protectionist unions promote free-trade agreements so that other countries will become wealthier,which will lead to greater democracy and thus better political conditions for their fellow workers. 
E) Protectionist factory owners hope a free-trade agreement will encourage lower-paid workers from other countries to immigrate,which will allow the owners to pay lower wages and the workers to enjoy better human rights. 
A) Protectionist groups would prefer to have free-trade agreements revoked,which makes them more vigilant in examining the human rights records of other member states. 
B) Since protectionist groups approve of free-trade agreements only with democratic states,their governments tend to sign treaties with states that already have good human rights records. 
C) Protectionist groups want trade agreements to succeed,so they advocate for more aid to help other countries avoid human rights abuses that would jeopardize their trading status. 
D) Protectionist unions promote free-trade agreements so that other countries will become wealthier,which will lead to greater democracy and thus better political conditions for their fellow workers. 
E) Protectionist factory owners hope a free-trade agreement will encourage lower-paid workers from other countries to immigrate,which will allow the owners to pay lower wages and the workers to enjoy better human rights.

Question 17

Which set of domestic conditions would make the imposition of sanctions by a state favorable?

Accepted Answer

A) The sanctions are likely to be as expensive as they are effective. 
B) The opposing party is opposed to the use of economic sanctions. 
C) War is an alternative to economic sanctions. 
D) There is an upcoming election,and a leader needs to boost his or her standing on international economic policy. 
E) A domestic interest group strongly supports the imposition of sanctions on a particular state. 
A) The sanctions are likely to be as expensive as they are effective. 
B) The opposing party is opposed to the use of economic sanctions. 
C) War is an alternative to economic sanctions. 
D) There is an upcoming election,and a leader needs to boost his or her standing on international economic policy. 
E) A domestic interest group strongly supports the imposition of sanctions on a particular state.

Question 18

How did transnational advocacy networks (TANs)affect the campaign against apartheid in South Africa?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How did transnational advocacy networks (TANs)affect the...

Question 19

Why has it been difficult to figure out whether the number of global human rights violations has been increasing or decreasing?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why has it been difficult to figure...

Question 20

When are states most likely to take action on human rights?

Accepted Answer

A) When states have no self-interest in the country where abuses are taking place. 
B) When states can reconcile the principle of sovereignty with intervention in the name of human rights. 
C) When there is little public information on the abuses,so that states can encourage abusers to "save face" and stop violating their citizens' rights before the information becomes public. 
D) When there is no international court with jurisdiction to enforce human rights in the country where the abuses are taking place. 
E) When dictators,who do not need to pay attention to domestic opponents,decide to stop human rights abuses in neighboring countries. 
A) When states have no self-interest in the country where abuses are taking place. 
B) When states can reconcile the principle of sovereignty with intervention in the name of human rights. 
C) When there is little public information on the abuses,so that states can encourage abusers to "save face" and stop violating their citizens' rights before the information becomes public. 
D) When there is no international court with jurisdiction to enforce human rights in the country where the abuses are taking place. 
E) When dictators,who do not need to pay attention to domestic opponents,decide to stop human rights abuses in neighboring countries.

Why has the UDHR been criticized?

Why have scholars recently changed their opinion on whether global human rights violations have increased or decreased over the past 35 years?

Why is the effort to promote human rights uneven?

Which of the following is an example of a prisoner of conscience?

Why is it costly for states to enforce human rights laws?

Which of the following is an example of a first-generation human right?

Which of the following illustrates the limitations of human rights norms?

All of the following are within the jurisdiction of the ICC EXCEPT the:

What is the International Bill of Rights?

What are human rights?

All of the following are important ongoing innovations in international human rights EXCEPT:

Which of the following is an example of individual petition?

What was the basis for many of the rights in the UDHR?

Which of the following is the best example of how a transnational advocacy network (TAN)can enforce human rights standards?

In addition to the UDHR,the first international treaty to protect human rights covered:

Why does the self-interest of protectionist groups increase the effectiveness of RTAs in enforcing human rights law?

Which set of domestic conditions would make the imposition of sanctions by a state favorable?

How did transnational advocacy networks (TANs)affect the campaign against apartheid in South Africa?

Why has it been difficult to figure out whether the number of global human rights violations has been increasing or decreasing?

When are states most likely to take action on human rights?

Introduction

What Shaped Our World

Understanding Interests, interactions, and Institutions

Why Are There Wars

Domestic Politics and War

International Institutions and War

Violence by Nonstate Actors: Civil War and Terrorism

International Trade

International Financial Relations

International Monetary Relations

Development: Causes of the Wealth and Poverty of Nations

International Law and Norms

The Global Environment

The Future of International Politics

Foundations, war, and Peace

International Political Economy, transnational Politics, and Looking Ahead

Filters

Exam 13: Human Rights

Why has the UDHR been criticized?

Why have scholars recently changed their opinion on whether global human rights violations have increased or decreased over the past 35 years?

Why is the effort to promote human rights uneven?

Which of the following is an example of a prisoner of conscience?

Why is it costly for states to enforce human rights laws?

Which of the following is an example of a first-generation human right?

Which of the following illustrates the limitations of human rights norms?

All of the following are within the jurisdiction of the ICC EXCEPT the:

What is the International Bill of Rights?

What are human rights?

All of the following are important ongoing innovations in international human rights EXCEPT:

Which of the following is an example of individual petition?

What was the basis for many of the rights in the UDHR?

Which of the following is the best example of how a transnational advocacy network (TAN)can enforce human rights standards?

In addition to the UDHR,the first international treaty to protect human rights covered:

Why does the self-interest of protectionist groups increase the effectiveness of RTAs in enforcing human rights law?

Which set of domestic conditions would make the imposition of sanctions by a state favorable?

How did transnational advocacy networks (TANs)affect the campaign against apartheid in South Africa?

Why has it been difficult to figure out whether the number of global human rights violations has been increasing or decreasing?

When are states most likely to take action on human rights?

Introduction

What Shaped Our World

Understanding Interests, interactions, and Institutions

Why Are There Wars

Domestic Politics and War

International Institutions and War

Violence by Nonstate Actors: Civil War and Terrorism

International Trade

International Financial Relations

International Monetary Relations

Development: Causes of the Wealth and Poverty of Nations

International Law and Norms

The Global Environment

The Future of International Politics

Foundations, war, and Peace

International Political Economy, transnational Politics, and Looking Ahead

Filters