Question 1

The photoreceptors for light entrainment in mammals are located in

Accepted Answer

A)  a different part of the retina than the ones involved in vision. 
B)  cells that contain the photopigment melanopsin. 
C)  ganglion cells. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  a different part of the retina than the ones involved in vision. 
B)  cells that contain the photopigment melanopsin. 
C)  ganglion cells. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 2

Welsh and colleagues (1995) removed neurons from the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of a newborn rat and grew them in a tissue culture. They then added tetrodotoxin, a chemical that prevents action potentials that require sodium ions. When the tetrodotoxin was washed out of the cells,

Accepted Answer

A)  the firing rhythm reappeared, but the phase was disrupted by the 2.5 day application of tetrodotoxin. 
B)  the firing rhythm reappeared, with a phase predicted by the initial cycles. 
C)  the neurons failed to resume their original spontaneous rhythm in the rate of their firing. 
D)  the researchers found that the cells had died. 
A)  the firing rhythm reappeared, but the phase was disrupted by the 2.5 day application of tetrodotoxin. 
B)  the firing rhythm reappeared, with a phase predicted by the initial cycles. 
C)  the neurons failed to resume their original spontaneous rhythm in the rate of their firing. 
D)  the researchers found that the cells had died.

Question 3

Researchers from the laboratory headed by Hall and Kay have determined that fruit flies (Drosophila) have a multitude of independent biological clocks located throughout their bodies. They accomplished this by

Accepted Answer

A)  being able to tell when the period (per) gene was turned on. 
B)  genetically engineering fruit flies to contain the firefly luciferase gene. 
C)  observing the molecular activity of important clock genes in a single, living, intact fly. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  being able to tell when the period (per) gene was turned on. 
B)  genetically engineering fruit flies to contain the firefly luciferase gene. 
C)  observing the molecular activity of important clock genes in a single, living, intact fly. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 4

The period of a cycle in a laboratory setting is usually more consistent than that in nature; this difference is described with the prefix circa. Thus, a cycle that would coincide approximately with a lunar day would be described as being

Accepted Answer

A)  circadian 
B)  circalunidian 
C)  circamonthly 
D)  circannual 
A)  circadian 
B)  circalunidian 
C)  circamonthly 
D)  circannual

Question 5

When an adult fruit file emerges from its pupal case, it does so during a short interval around dawn when the atmosphere is cool and moist, allowing the flies to expand their wings with a minimal loss of water. The procedure takes several hours to complete. The fruit fly is best exemplifying which of the following advantages of clock-controlled behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  anticipation of environmental change 
B)  continuous measurement of time 
C)  entrainment by environmental cycles 
D)  synchronization of behavior with an event that cannot be sensed directly 
A)  anticipation of environmental change 
B)  continuous measurement of time 
C)  entrainment by environmental cycles 
D)  synchronization of behavior with an event that cannot be sensed directly

Question 6

Humans can travel across time zones faster than our biological clock can reset to the new local time. This causes problems because

Accepted Answer

A)  one's body time may be out of phase with local time, and different body rhythms may be peaking at inappropriate times relative to one another. 
B)  people traveling west are affected by jet lag, but those traveling east usually are not, creating difficulties in social interactions within the newly formed group. 
C)  physiological processes may be severely disrupted, interfering with mental process that otherwise typically remain unaffected. 
D)  the resetting to a new day-night cycle may require several hours to complete. 
A)  one's body time may be out of phase with local time, and different body rhythms may be peaking at inappropriate times relative to one another. 
B)  people traveling west are affected by jet lag, but those traveling east usually are not, creating difficulties in social interactions within the newly formed group. 
C)  physiological processes may be severely disrupted, interfering with mental process that otherwise typically remain unaffected. 
D)  the resetting to a new day-night cycle may require several hours to complete.

The photoreceptors for light entrainment in mammals are located in

Welsh and colleagues (1995) removed neurons from the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of a newborn rat and grew them in a tissue culture. They then added tetrodotoxin, a chemical that prevents action potentials that require sodium ions. When the tetrodotoxin was washed out of the cells,

Researchers from the laboratory headed by Hall and Kay have determined that fruit flies (Drosophila) have a multitude of independent biological clocks located throughout their bodies. They accomplished this by

The period of a cycle in a laboratory setting is usually more consistent than that in nature; this difference is described with the prefix circa. Thus, a cycle that would coincide approximately with a lunar day would be described as being

Humans can travel across time zones faster than our biological clock can reset to the new local time. This causes problems because

Introduction

Approaches to the Study of Animal Behavior

Genetic Analysis of Behavior

Natural Selection and Behavior

Learning and Cognition

Physiological Analysis-Nerve Cells and Behavior

Physiological Analysis of Behavior- the Endocrine System

The Development of Behavior

Mechanisms of Orientation and Behavior

The Ecology and Evolution of Spiral Distribution

Foraging Behavior

Antipredator Behavior

Reproductive Behavior

Parental Care and Mating Systems

Communications: Channels and Functions

The Evolution of Communication

Conflict

Group Living, Altruism, and Cooperation

Filters

Exam 9: Biological Clocks

The photoreceptors for light entrainment in mammals are located in

Welsh and colleagues (1995) removed neurons from the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of a newborn rat and grew them in a tissue culture. They then added tetrodotoxin, a chemical that prevents action potentials that require sodium ions. When the tetrodotoxin was washed out of the cells,

Researchers from the laboratory headed by Hall and Kay have determined that fruit flies (Drosophila) have a multitude of independent biological clocks located throughout their bodies. They accomplished this by

The period of a cycle in a laboratory setting is usually more consistent than that in nature; this difference is described with the prefix circa. Thus, a cycle that would coincide approximately with a lunar day would be described as being

Humans can travel across time zones faster than our biological clock can reset to the new local time. This causes problems because

Introduction

Approaches to the Study of Animal Behavior

Genetic Analysis of Behavior

Natural Selection and Behavior

Learning and Cognition

Physiological Analysis-Nerve Cells and Behavior

Physiological Analysis of Behavior- the Endocrine System

The Development of Behavior

Mechanisms of Orientation and Behavior

The Ecology and Evolution of Spiral Distribution

Foraging Behavior

Antipredator Behavior

Reproductive Behavior

Parental Care and Mating Systems

Communications: Channels and Functions

The Evolution of Communication

Conflict

Group Living, Altruism, and Cooperation

Filters