Exam 11: The Ecology and Evolution of Spiral Distribution

Natal dispersal refers to

Which of the following is the best example of an ultimate cause of natal dispersal, as opposed to a proximate cause?

It is difficult to measure the fitness costs of inbreeding because the frequency of inbreeding is usually low. However, Brown and Brown (1998), during a long-term study of the Mexican jay (Aphelocoma ultramarina), found that

Höner and colleagues (2007) studied eight clans of spotted hyenas in northern Tanzania between 1996 and 2006, testing four hypotheses for natal dispersal by male hyenas. The hypotheses were that males disperse (1) to avoid competition with other males for mates, (2) to avoid inbreeding, (3) to avoid competition for food, or (4) in response to female patterns of mate choice. Which of the following variables would provide the most direct test of hypothesis 1?

The general phenomenon whereby an animal's experience in its natal habitat induces a preference for a post-dispersal habitat with similar qualities is called natal habitat preference induction (NHPI; Davis and Stamps 2004). It has been suggested that NHPI

Populations of animals can become adapted to local conditions. This situation could provide a potential benefit associated with

Conservation efforts using translocation and captive-release techniques

One potential cost of remaining in the birth area is inbreeding, which is costly because it

The presence of heterospecifics in a particular habitat could have both costs and benefits for an animal considering whether to settle there. When Forsman and colleagues (2002) tested that idea by examining whether the presence of resident titmice influenced the settlement and fitness of migrant pied flycatchers, they found that

Modifications have been proposed to translocation and captive-release programs that might help animals find the release site an acceptable place to settle. These include

Efficiency in finding food and escaping predators, and relatively low levels of aggression and stress associated with social interaction are benefits likely to be associated

Which gender in mammals is most likely to show natal dispersal?

The "Allee Effect" is one suggestion dealing with the way that fitness might be related to the presence or absence of conspecifics in a prospective home. Which of the following statements best summarizes the Allee Effect?

Animals that practice natal philopatry

Migration is different from natal dispersal because, particularly in long-lived species, migratory species _____ return to their site of origin.

A form of migration in which the migratory patterns of individuals within a population differ by age class or gender is called

Reducing the risk of starvation during migration is accomplished by

A prediction that arises from the kin cooperation hypothesis is that the magnitude of sex-biased dispersal should increase with increases in social complexity. Devillard and colleagues (2004) tested that hypothesis by reviewing the literature on 11 species of ground-dwelling sciurids (e.g., ground squirrels, marmots, prairie dogs). What characteristic of sciurids made them a particularly appropriate group for this study?

"The movement between the natal area or social group and the area or social group where breeding first takes place" (Clobert et al. 2001) describes

Animals that practice natal dispersal may