Exam 4: Early Childhood Gender Socialization

Bem argues that gender acquisition involves the enculturation of three specific lenses. What are these lenses? Specifically, how do they each contribute to gender acquisition? What role do metamessages play in this process?

Explain identification theory and how it could be construed as "sexist."

Studies show that while most Americans prefer sons as firstborns, they prefer daughters to outnumber sons.

Which of the following is NOT true about the process of socialization?

There has been no improvement in the number of female characters in preschoolers' books since 1972, when Lenore Weitzman did her research on this topic.

In Nancy Chodorow's revision of identification theory, it is hypothesized that gender identification is more difficult for boys because

Compare and contrast the gender attitudes of lesbian parents to heterosexual parents. Cite research to support your answer.

The belief that males and females are not only fundamentally different, but also that sex is a central organizing principle for the social life of a society is called gender

Research on early peer group socialization indicates that

Studies of parental treatment of infants show that parents

The success of publishers' efforts to produce nonsexist children's books may be limited because

Which of the following is a criticism of the social learning theory?

Social learning theories predict that children will imitate individuals portrayed in the media rather than those they have personal interaction with on a daily basis.

Research indicates all EXCEPT the following:

Cognitive developmental theory helps to explain children's

Research indicates that children show preference for gender-stereotyped toys by the age of

Children use the category of sex to

Hill (2005) concludes the following about race, class and gender:

Comparisons of children's books written and illustrated by African Americans and White Americans reveal that books written and illustrated by

Studies of parents' reactions to the sex of their newborn children indicate that