Question 1

What is one possible explanation for Spearman's g factor in intelligence?​

Accepted Answer

A) People's intellectual abilities tend to correlate with their areas of interest. 
B) ​Health and nutrition promote development of all brain areas. 
C) ​Intelligence depends on a combination of genetics and environment. 
D) ​Extra development of any brain area leaves less room to develop other areas. 
A) People's intellectual abilities tend to correlate with their areas of interest. 
B) ​Health and nutrition promote development of all brain areas. 
C) ​Intelligence depends on a combination of genetics and environment. 
D) ​Extra development of any brain area leaves less room to develop other areas.

Question 2

What limits the accuracy of estimates of the heritability of IQ?

Accepted Answer

A) Heritability of scores is lower within impoverished families. 
B) Heritability of scores is lower within highly educated families. 
C) Heritability of scores is lower in the countries of northern Europe. 
D) Heritability of scores is lower for girls than for boys. 
A) Heritability of scores is lower within impoverished families. 
B) Heritability of scores is lower within highly educated families. 
C) Heritability of scores is lower in the countries of northern Europe. 
D) Heritability of scores is lower for girls than for boys.

Question 3

Which of the following is impossible?

Accepted Answer

A) A test with high reliability and high validity 
B) A test with low reliability and low validity 
C) A test with high reliability and low validity 
D) A test with low reliability and high validity 
A) A test with high reliability and high validity 
B) A test with low reliability and low validity 
C) A test with high reliability and low validity 
D) A test with low reliability and high validity

Question 4

Raven's Progressive Matrices would be inappropriate for what kind of person?

Accepted Answer

A) College students 
B) People who do not speak English 
C) People who are deaf 
D) People who are blind 
A) College students 
B) People who do not speak English 
C) People who are deaf 
D) People who are blind

Question 5

How have the relative scores of Blacks and Whites on IQ tests changed over time,if at all?

Accepted Answer

A) The difference between the mean scores has fluctuated up and down repeatedly. 
B) The trend has been for the difference between Blacks and Whites to increase. 
C) The trend has been for the difference between Blacks and Whites to decrease. 
D) The difference between Blacks and Whites has remained constant for many decades. 
A) The difference between the mean scores has fluctuated up and down repeatedly. 
B) The trend has been for the difference between Blacks and Whites to increase. 
C) The trend has been for the difference between Blacks and Whites to decrease. 
D) The difference between Blacks and Whites has remained constant for many decades.

Question 6

If a test is "standardized," which of the following must be true?

Accepted Answer

A) The test measures people's innate abilities. 
B) Someone has established rules for giving the test and interpreting results. 
C) The test has a suitable mixture of easy, middle, and difficult items. 
D) The reliability of the test is equal to its validity. 
A) The test measures people's innate abilities. 
B) Someone has established rules for giving the test and interpreting results. 
C) The test has a suitable mixture of easy, middle, and difficult items. 
D) The reliability of the test is equal to its validity.

Question 7

Which of the following should be true for a reliable test of mathematical reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A) Certain people do well on some questions, and others do well on other questions. 
B) The test should measure innate ability, independent of years of practice. 
C) Excellent mathematicians can answer correctly without reading the questions. 
D) The people who do well on one group of questions also do well on the others. 
A) Certain people do well on some questions, and others do well on other questions. 
B) The test should measure innate ability, independent of years of practice. 
C) Excellent mathematicians can answer correctly without reading the questions. 
D) The people who do well on one group of questions also do well on the others.

Question 8

How well do SAT scores predict grades at a highly selective college,where almost all students have high SAT scores?

Accepted Answer

A) SAT scores are highly valid for predicting grades at highly selective colleges. 
B) SAT scores are about as accurate for predicting grades at such colleges as they are anywhere else. 
C) SAT scores have low validity for predicting grades at highly selective colleges. 
D) We have no basis for predicting the results at highly selective colleges. 
A) SAT scores are highly valid for predicting grades at highly selective colleges. 
B) SAT scores are about as accurate for predicting grades at such colleges as they are anywhere else. 
C) SAT scores have low validity for predicting grades at highly selective colleges. 
D) We have no basis for predicting the results at highly selective colleges.

Question 9

To determine the validity of an IQ test,what does someone measure?

Accepted Answer

A) How well the scores predict success in school 
B) How consistent people's scores are from test to retest 
C) How closely the scores fit the normal distribution 
D) How many psychologists have used the test in various countries 
A) How well the scores predict success in school 
B) How consistent people's scores are from test to retest 
C) How closely the scores fit the normal distribution 
D) How many psychologists have used the test in various countries

Question 10

What do achievement tests and aptitude tests try to measure?

Accepted Answer

A) Achievement tests: fluid intelligence. Aptitude tests: crystallized intelligence. 
B) Achievement tests: crystallized intelligence. Aptitude tests: fluid intelligence. 
C) Achievement tests: academic knowledge. Aptitude tests: practical knowledge. 
D) Achievement tests: practical knowledge. Aptitude tests: academic knowledge. 
A) Achievement tests: fluid intelligence. Aptitude tests: crystallized intelligence. 
B) Achievement tests: crystallized intelligence. Aptitude tests: fluid intelligence. 
C) Achievement tests: academic knowledge. Aptitude tests: practical knowledge. 
D) Achievement tests: practical knowledge. Aptitude tests: academic knowledge.

Question 11

Before a new test can be considered "standardized," what must its authors do?

Accepted Answer

A) Demonstrate that the reliability is at least 0.95. 
B) Make the test freely available to anyone who wishes to use it. 
C) Determine the norms for the test scores. 
D) Compare the test to other widely used tests in the same field. 
A) Demonstrate that the reliability is at least 0.95. 
B) Make the test freely available to anyone who wishes to use it. 
C) Determine the norms for the test scores. 
D) Compare the test to other widely used tests in the same field.

Question 12

How does an investigator measure the reliability of a test?

Accepted Answer

A) Determine whether the test is readily available to anyone wishing to use it. 
B) Determine whether people get about the same score on repeated tests. 
C) Determine whether the test is equally fair to all types of people. 
D) Determine whether the test scores predict some other outcome. 
A) Determine whether the test is readily available to anyone wishing to use it. 
B) Determine whether people get about the same score on repeated tests. 
C) Determine whether the test is equally fair to all types of people. 
D) Determine whether the test scores predict some other outcome.

Question 13

If researchers evaluate the questions for a test and determine rules for administering the test and interpreting the scores,what does the test become?

Accepted Answer

A) Reliable 
B) Valid 
C) Standardized 
D) Projective 
A) Reliable 
B) Valid 
C) Standardized 
D) Projective

Question 14

What does it mean to say that a particular test has high validity?

Accepted Answer

A) Nearly everyone agrees that the test is fair. 
B) Most people get about the same score on a retest as the one they got on the first test. 
C) The authors of the test standardized it on a large, representative population. 
D) The test measures what it claims to measure. 
A) Nearly everyone agrees that the test is fair. 
B) Most people get about the same score on a retest as the one they got on the first test. 
C) The authors of the test standardized it on a large, representative population. 
D) The test measures what it claims to measure.

Question 15

What does "bias" of an IQ test mean?

Accepted Answer

A) The writers of the test intentionally included items that only one group could answer. 
B) Members of some group do better in school than their test scores predict. 
C) Members of one group get higher test scores, on average, than some other group. 
D) The test is more difficult than the authors of the test intended. 
A) The writers of the test intentionally included items that only one group could answer. 
B) Members of some group do better in school than their test scores predict. 
C) Members of one group get higher test scores, on average, than some other group. 
D) The test is more difficult than the authors of the test intended.

Question 16

Genetic differences influence IQ scores more strongly for ________.

Accepted Answer

A) girls than for boys 
B) middle-class children than for impoverished children 
C) impoverished children than for middle-class children 
D) children than for adults 
A) girls than for boys 
B) middle-class children than for impoverished children 
C) impoverished children than for middle-class children 
D) children than for adults

Question 17

If psychologists had not restandardized the IQ tests every few years,what would have happened to scores on the tests?

Accepted Answer

A) The mean would have increased from one decade to the next. 
B) The mean would have decreased from one decade to the next. 
C) The mean would have fluctuated up and down from one decade to the next. 
D) The mean would have remained the same, but the variation would have decreased. 
A) The mean would have increased from one decade to the next. 
B) The mean would have decreased from one decade to the next. 
C) The mean would have fluctuated up and down from one decade to the next. 
D) The mean would have remained the same, but the variation would have decreased.

Question 18

What is the key information to decide whether an IQ test is "biased" against members of some group?

Accepted Answer

A) Do members of that group consider many of the questions on the test to be difficult? 
B) Do members of that group get lower scores on the test, compared to other groups? 
C) Do members of that group finish the test within the permitted time? 
D) Do members of that group succeed in school better than the test scores predict? 
A) Do members of that group consider many of the questions on the test to be difficult? 
B) Do members of that group get lower scores on the test, compared to other groups? 
C) Do members of that group finish the test within the permitted time? 
D) Do members of that group succeed in school better than the test scores predict?

Question 19

The early IQ tests developed in France were modified to become which English-language test?

Accepted Answer

A) Progressive Matrices test 
B) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children 
C) Stanford-Binet test 
D) Scholastic Aptitude Test 
A) Progressive Matrices test 
B) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children 
C) Stanford-Binet test 
D) Scholastic Aptitude Test

Question 20

How could you measure the reliability of a new test intended to measure nervousness?

Accepted Answer

A) Determine whether scores on the test form a normal distribution. 
B) Determine whether scores on the test correlate with hand shaking and voice tremor. 
C) Test people in two or more countries and see whether the results are similar. 
D) Test people repeatedly and see whether they get about the same score each time. 
A) Determine whether scores on the test form a normal distribution. 
B) Determine whether scores on the test correlate with hand shaking and voice tremor. 
C) Test people in two or more countries and see whether the results are similar. 
D) Test people repeatedly and see whether they get about the same score each time.

Exam 9: Intelligenceintelligence

What is one possible explanation for Spearman's g factor in intelligence?​

What limits the accuracy of estimates of the heritability of IQ?

Which of the following is impossible?

Raven's Progressive Matrices would be inappropriate for what kind of person?

How have the relative scores of Blacks and Whites on IQ tests changed over time,if at all?

If a test is "standardized," which of the following must be true?

Which of the following should be true for a reliable test of mathematical reasoning?

How well do SAT scores predict grades at a highly selective college,where almost all students have high SAT scores?

To determine the validity of an IQ test,what does someone measure?

What do achievement tests and aptitude tests try to measure?

Before a new test can be considered "standardized," what must its authors do?

How does an investigator measure the reliability of a test?

If researchers evaluate the questions for a test and determine rules for administering the test and interpreting the scores,what does the test become?

What does it mean to say that a particular test has high validity?

What does "bias" of an IQ test mean?

Genetic differences influence IQ scores more strongly for ________.

If psychologists had not restandardized the IQ tests every few years,what would have happened to scores on the tests?

What is the key information to decide whether an IQ test is "biased" against members of some group?

The early IQ tests developed in France were modified to become which English-language test?

How could you measure the reliability of a new test intended to measure nervousness?

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What is one possible explanation for Spearman's g factor in intelligence?