Question 1

If you try to unscramble the letters EMBLAG,you are quicker to think of GAMBLE if you had recently heard the word BETTING.What do we call that effect?​

Accepted Answer

A) Confabulation 
B) ​Priming 
C) ​Consolidation 
D) ​Prototype 
A) Confabulation 
B) ​Priming 
C) ​Consolidation 
D) ​Prototype

Question 2

​What is meant by a "top-down" process in attention?

Accepted Answer

A) You start by looking at the top half of something. 
B) ​You decide to shift your attention from one item to another. 
C) ​Some stimulus automatically grabs your attention. 
D) ​Your attention shifts slowly, one step at a time. 
A) You start by looking at the top half of something. 
B) ​You decide to shift your attention from one item to another. 
C) ​Some stimulus automatically grabs your attention. 
D) ​Your attention shifts slowly, one step at a time.

Question 3

Suppose you hear one syllable while the lip movements that you see imply a different syllable.What do you perceive?​

Accepted Answer

A) You perceive the syllable you heard. 
B) ​You perceive what the lip movements implied. 
C) ​You perceive a compromise between the two. 
D) ​You perceive both the sound you heard and the one the lips implied. 
A) You perceive the syllable you heard. 
B) ​You perceive what the lip movements implied. 
C) ​You perceive a compromise between the two. 
D) ​You perceive both the sound you heard and the one the lips implied.

Question 4

​Which of the following would you be most likely to find by a "preattentive" process?

Accepted Answer

A) Your own car in a crowded parking lot 
B) ​A car in the parking lot that has two Zs on its license plate 
C) ​The most typical, average car in the parking lot 
D) ​A car in the parking lot that suddenly starts moving 
A) Your own car in a crowded parking lot 
B) ​A car in the parking lot that has two Zs on its license plate 
C) ​The most typical, average car in the parking lot 
D) ​A car in the parking lot that suddenly starts moving

Question 5

The Stroop effect refers to which phenomenon?​

Accepted Answer

A) It is easier to read a word than to say the color of its ink. 
B) ​It is easier to remember the gist of a story than to remember the details. 
C) ​It is easier to make a decision than to explain why you made that decision. 
D) ​It is easier to read a whole word than to read a single letter. 
A) It is easier to read a word than to say the color of its ink. 
B) ​It is easier to remember the gist of a story than to remember the details. 
C) ​It is easier to make a decision than to explain why you made that decision. 
D) ​It is easier to read a whole word than to read a single letter.

Question 6

How many phonemes and morphemes are in the word methodical?​

Accepted Answer

A) Four phonemes and one morpheme 
B) ​One phoneme and four morphemes 
C) ​Nine phonemes and three morphemes 
D) ​Three phonemes and nine morphemes 
A) Four phonemes and one morpheme 
B) ​One phoneme and four morphemes 
C) ​Nine phonemes and three morphemes 
D) ​Three phonemes and nine morphemes

Question 7

What is the "language acquisition device"?​

Accepted Answer

A) A machine that helps people with brain damage understand speech 
B) ​A built-in mechanism to aid in learning language 
C) ​A type of short-term memory that stores parts of a sentence 
D) ​A machine that teaches language to slow-learning children 
A) A machine that helps people with brain damage understand speech 
B) ​A built-in mechanism to aid in learning language 
C) ​A type of short-term memory that stores parts of a sentence 
D) ​A machine that teaches language to slow-learning children

Question 8

When do most children start saying two-word phrases such as "allgone sticky"?​

Accepted Answer

A) 6 months 
B) ​1 year 
C) ​1½ years 
D) ​2 years 
A) 6 months 
B) ​1 year 
C) ​1½ years 
D) ​2 years

Question 9

When Washoe and similar chimpanzees learned to communicate by sign language,how did their output differ from that of young children?​

Accepted Answer

A) The chimpanzees seldom linked symbols to make new combinations or sentences. 
B) ​The chimpanzees used their symbols mainly to describe and seldom to request anything. 
C) ​The chimpanzees showed no indication of understanding the symbols' meaning. 
D) ​The chimpanzees used their hands and feet equally to communicate. 
A) The chimpanzees seldom linked symbols to make new combinations or sentences. 
B) ​The chimpanzees used their symbols mainly to describe and seldom to request anything. 
C) ​The chimpanzees showed no indication of understanding the symbols' meaning. 
D) ​The chimpanzees used their hands and feet equally to communicate.

Question 10

If deaf children cannot learn to speak,and no one teaches them sign language,what happens?​

Accepted Answer

A) Their working memory improves. 
B) ​Their working memory deteriorates. 
C) ​They make up their own sign language. 
D) ​They remain ready for language learning until someone gives an opportunity. 
A) Their working memory improves. 
B) ​Their working memory deteriorates. 
C) ​They make up their own sign language. 
D) ​They remain ready for language learning until someone gives an opportunity.

Question 11

What evidence suggests that 2- or 3-year-old children understand certain grammatical rules?​

Accepted Answer

A) They often ask whether they have phrased something correctly. 
B) ​They frown when they hear an adult say something ungrammatical. 
C) ​They often say something wrong and then correct themselves. 
D) ​Their mistakes show they overgeneralized a rule. 
A) They often ask whether they have phrased something correctly. 
B) ​They frown when they hear an adult say something ungrammatical. 
C) ​They often say something wrong and then correct themselves. 
D) ​Their mistakes show they overgeneralized a rule.

Question 12

When you see WEST on the screen for a split second,you read it,but when you see W for the same brief time,you are not sure what it was.Your result illustrates which of the following?​

Accepted Answer

A) Word-superiority effect 
B) ​Availability heuristic 
C) ​Encoding specificity 
D) ​Language acquisition device 
A) Word-superiority effect 
B) ​Availability heuristic 
C) ​Encoding specificity 
D) ​Language acquisition device

Question 13

What is a prototype?​

Accepted Answer

A) A definition 
B) ​A typical example 
C) ​An exception to the rule 
D) ​An imitation 
A) A definition 
B) ​A typical example 
C) ​An exception to the rule 
D) ​An imitation

Question 14

When reading,about how much can someone read during one saccade?​

Accepted Answer

A) Nothing 
B) ​One letter 
C) ​About 11 letters 
D) ​Two or three words 
A) Nothing 
B) ​One letter 
C) ​About 11 letters 
D) ​Two or three words

Question 15

How does age affect the ability to learn a foreign language?​

Accepted Answer

A) People of any age can learn a foreign language equally well. 
B) ​To learn a foreign language, it is necessary to start within the critical period 1 to 6 years. 
C) ​The ability to learn a foreign language increases until the late teens and then declines. 
D) ​Young children learn easiest, and the ability declines gradually throughout life. 
A) People of any age can learn a foreign language equally well. 
B) ​To learn a foreign language, it is necessary to start within the critical period 1 to 6 years. 
C) ​The ability to learn a foreign language increases until the late teens and then declines. 
D) ​Young children learn easiest, and the ability declines gradually throughout life.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of base-rate information?​

Accepted Answer

A) Florida panthers weigh about a hundred pounds. 
B) ​Florida panthers eat deer and rabbits. 
C) ​Florida panthers are rare. 
D) ​Florida panthers are active mostly at night. 
A) Florida panthers weigh about a hundred pounds. 
B) ​Florida panthers eat deer and rabbits. 
C) ​Florida panthers are rare. 
D) ​Florida panthers are active mostly at night.

Question 17

​A computer generated a sound halfway between the sounds s and sh,and inserted it into a word.What did people hear?

Accepted Answer

A) s 
B) ​sh 
C) ​s-sh 
D) ​One or the other, depending on the rest of the word 
A) s 
B) ​sh 
C) ​s-sh 
D) ​One or the other, depending on the rest of the word

Question 18

​For which of these would you find something by an attentive or "top-down" process?

Accepted Answer

A) Noticing the only incomplete sentence in an essay you wrote 
B) ​Noticing the one answer on your test paper that the professor circled in red 
C) ​Noticing an animal that starts to move 
D) ​Noticing the only purple flower in an array of white flowers 
A) Noticing the only incomplete sentence in an essay you wrote 
B) ​Noticing the one answer on your test paper that the professor circled in red 
C) ​Noticing an animal that starts to move 
D) ​Noticing the only purple flower in an array of white flowers

Question 19

If parents of a child with a hearing impairment want the child to speak,which of the following is good advice?​

Accepted Answer

A) A child who learns sign language early will not learn spoken language later. 
B) ​Learning sign language early is okay only if the child is also learning spoken language. 
C) ​Learning sign language at first can be a bridge to spoken language later. 
D) ​Even a child with a severe hearing impairment can learn to speak by using the right schedule of reinforcement. 
A) A child who learns sign language early will not learn spoken language later. 
B) ​Learning sign language early is okay only if the child is also learning spoken language. 
C) ​Learning sign language at first can be a bridge to spoken language later. 
D) ​Even a child with a severe hearing impairment can learn to speak by using the right schedule of reinforcement.

Question 20

A typical adult reader can see and read about how much during one eye fixation?​

Accepted Answer

A) One letter 
B) ​One word 
C) ​Eleven letters 
D) ​Eleven words 
A) One letter 
B) ​One word 
C) ​Eleven letters 
D) ​Eleven words

Exam 8: Cognition and Language

If you try to unscramble the letters EMBLAG,you are quicker to think of GAMBLE if you had recently heard the word BETTING.What do we call that effect?​

​What is meant by a "top-down" process in attention?

Suppose you hear one syllable while the lip movements that you see imply a different syllable.What do you perceive?​

​Which of the following would you be most likely to find by a "preattentive" process?

The Stroop effect refers to which phenomenon?​

How many phonemes and morphemes are in the word methodical?​

What is the "language acquisition device"?​

When do most children start saying two-word phrases such as "allgone sticky"?​

When Washoe and similar chimpanzees learned to communicate by sign language,how did their output differ from that of young children?​

If deaf children cannot learn to speak,and no one teaches them sign language,what happens?​

What evidence suggests that 2- or 3-year-old children understand certain grammatical rules?​

When you see WEST on the screen for a split second,you read it,but when you see W for the same brief time,you are not sure what it was.Your result illustrates which of the following?​

What is a prototype?​

When reading,about how much can someone read during one saccade?​

How does age affect the ability to learn a foreign language?​

Which of the following is an example of base-rate information?​

​A computer generated a sound halfway between the sounds s and sh,and inserted it into a word.What did people hear?

​For which of these would you find something by an attentive or "top-down" process?

If parents of a child with a hearing impairment want the child to speak,which of the following is good advice?​

A typical adult reader can see and read about how much during one eye fixation?​

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Learning

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Filters

If you try to unscramble the letters EMBLAG,you are quicker to think of GAMBLE if you had recently heard the word BETTING.What do we call that effect?

What is meant by a "top-down" process in attention?

Suppose you hear one syllable while the lip movements that you see imply a different syllable.What do you perceive?

Which of the following would you be most likely to find by a "preattentive" process?

The Stroop effect refers to which phenomenon?

How many phonemes and morphemes are in the word methodical?

What is the "language acquisition device"?

When do most children start saying two-word phrases such as "allgone sticky"?

When Washoe and similar chimpanzees learned to communicate by sign language,how did their output differ from that of young children?

If deaf children cannot learn to speak,and no one teaches them sign language,what happens?

What evidence suggests that 2- or 3-year-old children understand certain grammatical rules?

When you see WEST on the screen for a split second,you read it,but when you see W for the same brief time,you are not sure what it was.Your result illustrates which of the following?

What is a prototype?

When reading,about how much can someone read during one saccade?

How does age affect the ability to learn a foreign language?

Which of the following is an example of base-rate information?

A computer generated a sound halfway between the sounds s and sh,and inserted it into a word.What did people hear?

For which of these would you find something by an attentive or "top-down" process?

If parents of a child with a hearing impairment want the child to speak,which of the following is good advice?

A typical adult reader can see and read about how much during one eye fixation?