Question 1

A child who plays games on an iPad by touching the screen now tries to control the picture on a TV by touching the screen.This is an example of what?​

Accepted Answer

A) Discrimination 
B) Stimulus generalization​ 
C) Dishabituation​ 
D) The disequilibrium principle​ 
A) Discrimination 
B) Stimulus generalization​ 
C) Dishabituation​ 
D) The disequilibrium principle​

Question 2

​Suppose you produce classical conditioning and then extinction.If you wait a long time and then test again,what will happen?

Accepted Answer

A) Generalization 
B) Discrimination​ 
C) Spontaneous recovery​ 
D) Inhibition​ 
A) Generalization 
B) Discrimination​ 
C) Spontaneous recovery​ 
D) Inhibition​

Question 3

Why do behaviorists insist that thoughts are not the causes of behavior?​

Accepted Answer

A) Thought processes are too slow to explain most behaviors. 
B) ​Most people have trouble describing their thoughts clearly. 
C) ​Much of behavior depends on unconscious thought processes. 
D) The events that caused the thoughts are the real causes.​ 
A) Thought processes are too slow to explain most behaviors. 
B) ​Most people have trouble describing their thoughts clearly. 
C) ​Much of behavior depends on unconscious thought processes. 
D) The events that caused the thoughts are the real causes.​

Question 4

Why do behaviorists argue that your thoughts do not cause your behaviors?​

Accepted Answer

A) Thoughts are brain processes, and behaviors are muscle activities. 
B) Behavior depends on free will that science cannot explain.​ 
C) It is difficult to understand people's unconscious thoughts.​ 
D) Past and present events caused your thoughts.​ 
A) Thoughts are brain processes, and behaviors are muscle activities. 
B) Behavior depends on free will that science cannot explain.​ 
C) It is difficult to understand people's unconscious thoughts.​ 
D) Past and present events caused your thoughts.​

Question 5

What strengthens the probability of a behavior?​

Accepted Answer

A) Either positive or negative reinforcement 
B) ​Positive reinforcement only 
C) ​Negative reinforcement only 
D) Neither a positive reinforcement nor a negative reinforcement​ 
A) Either positive or negative reinforcement 
B) ​Positive reinforcement only 
C) ​Negative reinforcement only 
D) Neither a positive reinforcement nor a negative reinforcement​

Question 6

Which of the following did Ivan Pavlov study?​

Accepted Answer

A) Social learning theory 
B) ​Operant conditioning 
C) Classical conditioning​ 
D) The zone of proximal development​ 
A) Social learning theory 
B) ​Operant conditioning 
C) Classical conditioning​ 
D) The zone of proximal development​

Question 7

An animal sees a flashing light and then makes a response that is followed by food.The food is given only when the animal makes the response.Which type of learning is this?​

Accepted Answer

A) Operant conditioning 
B) Classical conditioning​ 
C) Social learning​ 
D) Conditioned taste aversion​ 
A) Operant conditioning 
B) Classical conditioning​ 
C) Social learning​ 
D) Conditioned taste aversion​

Question 8

Why do many cancer patients lose their appetite after receiving radiation therapy?​

Accepted Answer

A) They feel better physically but they start to become depressed. 
B) Radiation alters activity in the brain areas responsible for taste.​ 
C) Radiation alters activity in the brain areas responsible for hunger.​ 
D) They associate the last food they ate with nausea.​ 
A) They feel better physically but they start to become depressed. 
B) Radiation alters activity in the brain areas responsible for taste.​ 
C) Radiation alters activity in the brain areas responsible for hunger.​ 
D) They associate the last food they ate with nausea.​

Question 9

On a continuous schedule of reinforcement,when does reinforcement occur?​

Accepted Answer

A) After every response 
B) ​For the first response after a given period of time 
C) ​After a certain number of responses 
D) ​After an unpredictable number of responses 
A) After every response 
B) ​For the first response after a given period of time 
C) ​After a certain number of responses 
D) ​After an unpredictable number of responses

Question 10

​Frequently spanked children tend toward misbehavior.What (if anything)can we conclude,and why?

Accepted Answer

A) Spanking leads to misbehavior. The evidence stated is sufficient. 
B) Misbehaving children provoke their parents to lose their temper. The evidence stated is sufficient.​ 
C) We can draw no cause and effect conclusion, because the sample sizes have been small.​ 
D) We can draw no cause and effect conclusion, because the evidence is correlational.​ 
A) Spanking leads to misbehavior. The evidence stated is sufficient. 
B) Misbehaving children provoke their parents to lose their temper. The evidence stated is sufficient.​ 
C) We can draw no cause and effect conclusion, because the sample sizes have been small.​ 
D) We can draw no cause and effect conclusion, because the evidence is correlational.​

Question 11

Rats become nauseated after they drink saccharin-flavored water from a tube that produces loud noises and bright lights.Later,what do they avoid,if anything?​

Accepted Answer

A) The loud noises and bright lights 
B) Saccharin-flavored water​ 
C) The tube​ 
D) Nothing​ 
A) The loud noises and bright lights 
B) Saccharin-flavored water​ 
C) The tube​ 
D) Nothing​

Question 12

The more oysters you open,the greater your chances of finding a pearl,but you cannot predict when you will find one.This is an example of which type of schedule of reinforcement?​

Accepted Answer

A) Fixed-interval 
B) Variable-interval​ 
C) Fixed-ratio​ 
D) Variable-ratio​ 
A) Fixed-interval 
B) Variable-interval​ 
C) Fixed-ratio​ 
D) Variable-ratio​

Question 13

​Children who are frequently spanked tend to be ill behaved.What conclusion (if any)can we draw from this result?

Accepted Answer

A) Spanking leads to bad behaviors. 
B) Ill-behaved children provoke their parents to spank them.​ 
C) Certain genes lead to ill-behaved children and short-tempered parents.​ 
D) We can draw none of these conclusions.​ 
A) Spanking leads to bad behaviors. 
B) Ill-behaved children provoke their parents to spank them.​ 
C) Certain genes lead to ill-behaved children and short-tempered parents.​ 
D) We can draw none of these conclusions.​

Question 14

If you want to produce classical conditioning,what procedure should you use?​

Accepted Answer

A) Pair the unconditioned stimulus with the unconditioned response. 
B) Pair the conditioned stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus.​ 
C) Pair the conditioned stimulus with the conditioned response.​ 
D) Present the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus.​ 
A) Pair the unconditioned stimulus with the unconditioned response. 
B) Pair the conditioned stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus.​ 
C) Pair the conditioned stimulus with the conditioned response.​ 
D) Present the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus.​

Question 15

​Which term describes the ability of a stimulus to encourage some responses and discourage others?

Accepted Answer

A) Stimulus control 
B) Stimulus generalization​ 
C) Negative reinforcement​ 
D) Dishabituation​ 
A) Stimulus control 
B) Stimulus generalization​ 
C) Negative reinforcement​ 
D) Dishabituation​

Question 16

Why is vicarious punishment usually less effective than vicarious reinforcement?​

Accepted Answer

A) People are already careful to avoid dangerous behaviors. 
B) Vicarious reinforcement is simpler than vicarious punishment.​ 
C) People tend to identify with successful people.​ 
D) Vicarious punishment lacks self-efficacy.​ 
A) People are already careful to avoid dangerous behaviors. 
B) Vicarious reinforcement is simpler than vicarious punishment.​ 
C) People tend to identify with successful people.​ 
D) Vicarious punishment lacks self-efficacy.​

Question 17

​Social-learning theory emphasizes the importance of what?

Accepted Answer

A) Algorithms 
B) Shaping and chaining​ 
C) Schedules of reinforcement​ 
D) Imitation​ 
A) Algorithms 
B) Shaping and chaining​ 
C) Schedules of reinforcement​ 
D) Imitation​

Question 18

How could you use an operant-conditioning principle to persuade someone to do something?​

Accepted Answer

A) Start by reinforcing a small amount of cooperation and then shape further cooperation. 
B) Electrically stimulate the brain areas responsible for the desired behaviors.​ 
C) Demonstrate the desired behavior and wait for the person to imitate it.​ 
D) Pair a neutral stimulus with presentation of another stimulus that causes the behavior.​ 
A) Start by reinforcing a small amount of cooperation and then shape further cooperation. 
B) Electrically stimulate the brain areas responsible for the desired behaviors.​ 
C) Demonstrate the desired behavior and wait for the person to imitate it.​ 
D) Pair a neutral stimulus with presentation of another stimulus that causes the behavior.​

Question 19

What did Pavlov say was responsible for classical conditioning?​

Accepted Answer

A) Growth of a connection between the CS center and the UCS center 
B) ​Increased metabolic rate in both the CS center and the UCS center 
C) Increased metabolic rate in just the CS center​ 
D) Increased metabolic rate in just the UCS center​ 
A) Growth of a connection between the CS center and the UCS center 
B) ​Increased metabolic rate in both the CS center and the UCS center 
C) Increased metabolic rate in just the CS center​ 
D) Increased metabolic rate in just the UCS center​

Question 20

What procedure might you use in applied behavior analysis?​

Accepted Answer

A) Surround someone with other people who are engaged in appropriate behaviors. 
B) Combine psychoanalysis with certain antidepressant drugs.​ 
C) Reinforce acceptable behaviors and not the undesired ones.​ 
D) Record brain activity and correlate it with self-reported changes in mood.​ 
A) Surround someone with other people who are engaged in appropriate behaviors. 
B) Combine psychoanalysis with certain antidepressant drugs.​ 
C) Reinforce acceptable behaviors and not the undesired ones.​ 
D) Record brain activity and correlate it with self-reported changes in mood.​

Exam 6: Learning

A child who plays games on an iPad by touching the screen now tries to control the picture on a TV by touching the screen.This is an example of what?​

​Suppose you produce classical conditioning and then extinction.If you wait a long time and then test again,what will happen?

Why do behaviorists insist that thoughts are not the causes of behavior?​

Why do behaviorists argue that your thoughts do not cause your behaviors?​

What strengthens the probability of a behavior?​

Which of the following did Ivan Pavlov study?​

An animal sees a flashing light and then makes a response that is followed by food.The food is given only when the animal makes the response.Which type of learning is this?​

Why do many cancer patients lose their appetite after receiving radiation therapy?​

On a continuous schedule of reinforcement,when does reinforcement occur?​

​Frequently spanked children tend toward misbehavior.What (if anything)can we conclude,and why?

Rats become nauseated after they drink saccharin-flavored water from a tube that produces loud noises and bright lights.Later,what do they avoid,if anything?​

The more oysters you open,the greater your chances of finding a pearl,but you cannot predict when you will find one.This is an example of which type of schedule of reinforcement?​

​Children who are frequently spanked tend to be ill behaved.What conclusion (if any)can we draw from this result?

If you want to produce classical conditioning,what procedure should you use?​

​Which term describes the ability of a stimulus to encourage some responses and discourage others?

Why is vicarious punishment usually less effective than vicarious reinforcement?​

​Social-learning theory emphasizes the importance of what?

How could you use an operant-conditioning principle to persuade someone to do something?​

What did Pavlov say was responsible for classical conditioning?​

What procedure might you use in applied behavior analysis?​

What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

A: Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

A: Biological Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A: Sensation and Perception

Development

A: Development

A: Learning

Memory

A: Memory

Cognition and Language

A: Cognition and Language

Intelligenceintelligence

A: Intelligence Intelligence

Consciousnessconsciousness

A: Consciousnessconsciousness

Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

A: Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

Part 1 Emotions,stress,and Healthemotions,stress,and Health

A: Emotional,stress,and Healthemotional,stress,and Health

Social Psychologysocial Psychology

A: Social Psychologysocial Psychology

Personalitypersonality

A: Personalitypersonality

Part 1 Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

A: Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

Filters

A child who plays games on an iPad by touching the screen now tries to control the picture on a TV by touching the screen.This is an example of what?

Suppose you produce classical conditioning and then extinction.If you wait a long time and then test again,what will happen?

Why do behaviorists insist that thoughts are not the causes of behavior?

Why do behaviorists argue that your thoughts do not cause your behaviors?

What strengthens the probability of a behavior?

Which of the following did Ivan Pavlov study?

An animal sees a flashing light and then makes a response that is followed by food.The food is given only when the animal makes the response.Which type of learning is this?

Why do many cancer patients lose their appetite after receiving radiation therapy?

On a continuous schedule of reinforcement,when does reinforcement occur?

Frequently spanked children tend toward misbehavior.What (if anything)can we conclude,and why?

Rats become nauseated after they drink saccharin-flavored water from a tube that produces loud noises and bright lights.Later,what do they avoid,if anything?

The more oysters you open,the greater your chances of finding a pearl,but you cannot predict when you will find one.This is an example of which type of schedule of reinforcement?

Children who are frequently spanked tend to be ill behaved.What conclusion (if any)can we draw from this result?

If you want to produce classical conditioning,what procedure should you use?

Which term describes the ability of a stimulus to encourage some responses and discourage others?

Why is vicarious punishment usually less effective than vicarious reinforcement?

Social-learning theory emphasizes the importance of what?

How could you use an operant-conditioning principle to persuade someone to do something?

What did Pavlov say was responsible for classical conditioning?

What procedure might you use in applied behavior analysis?