Question 1

What was the theoretical significance in the discovery of color vision deficiency?​

Accepted Answer

A) It was the first case of identifying a specific gene that influences behavior. 
B) ​It demonstrated the difference between cones and rods. 
C) ​It demonstrated the importance of early experience for visual development. 
D) ​It showed that color is in the brain, not in the light. 
A) It was the first case of identifying a specific gene that influences behavior. 
B) ​It demonstrated the difference between cones and rods. 
C) ​It demonstrated the importance of early experience for visual development. 
D) ​It showed that color is in the brain, not in the light.

Question 2

Which of the following is true about animals with good color vision,such as most birds?​

Accepted Answer

A) They have excellent night vision. 
B) ​They have relatively poor detection of detail. 
C) ​They have many rods in their retina. 
D) ​They have many cones in their retina. 
A) They have excellent night vision. 
B) ​They have relatively poor detection of detail. 
C) ​They have many rods in their retina. 
D) ​They have many cones in their retina.

Question 3

What is a "top-down" approach to visual perception?​

Accepted Answer

A) First focusing on the details and then putting them together​ 
B) ​Starting with brain activity and proceeding to the muscles 
C) ​Applying expectations to guide interpretation of vision 
D) ​Asking the leader of each group of people to decide what the others will view 
A) First focusing on the details and then putting them together​ 
B) ​Starting with brain activity and proceeding to the muscles 
C) ​Applying expectations to guide interpretation of vision 
D) ​Asking the leader of each group of people to decide what the others will view

Question 4

How do people acquire their emotional responses to smells?​

Accepted Answer

A) Emotional responses to smells depend mostly on recessive genes. 
B) ​Emotional responses to smells depend mostly on dominant genes. 
C) ​Emotional responses to smells depend entirely on the intensity of the odor. 
D) ​Emotional responses to smells are almost entirely learned. 
A) Emotional responses to smells depend mostly on recessive genes. 
B) ​Emotional responses to smells depend mostly on dominant genes. 
C) ​Emotional responses to smells depend entirely on the intensity of the odor. 
D) ​Emotional responses to smells are almost entirely learned.

Question 5

According to gate theory,distraction relieves pain by doing what?​

Accepted Answer

A) It blocks the release of endorphins in the brain. 
B) ​It inhibits transmission of messages in the spinal cord. 
C) ​It prevents the person from scratching the damaged area. 
D) ​It hyperpolarizes pain receptors on the skin. 
A) It blocks the release of endorphins in the brain. 
B) ​It inhibits transmission of messages in the spinal cord. 
C) ​It prevents the person from scratching the damaged area. 
D) ​It hyperpolarizes pain receptors on the skin.

Question 6

The gate theory of pain emphasizes how which of the following reduces pain?​

Accepted Answer

A) Attention 
B) ​Emotional distress 
C) ​Stimulation at glutamate synapses 
D) ​Pleasant events 
A) Attention 
B) ​Emotional distress 
C) ​Stimulation at glutamate synapses 
D) ​Pleasant events

Question 7

How does the trichromatic theory (Young-Helmholtz theory)explain color vision?​

Accepted Answer

A) The brain compares responses in one retinal area to responses in another. 
B) ​The brain responds to the ratio of firing among three types of cones. 
C) ​The brain has a red-versus-green system and a yellow-versus-blue system. 
D) ​The brain compares the amplitude of an action potential to its velocity. 
A) The brain compares responses in one retinal area to responses in another. 
B) ​The brain responds to the ratio of firing among three types of cones. 
C) ​The brain has a red-versus-green system and a yellow-versus-blue system. 
D) ​The brain compares the amplitude of an action potential to its velocity.

Question 8

The smell of a sweaty person of the opposite sex has what effect on heterosexual people?​

Accepted Answer

A) Increased sexual arousal for both men and women 
B) ​Increased sexual arousal for men, but not for women 
C) ​Increased sexual arousal for women, but not for men 
D) ​No increase in sexual arousal for either men or women 
A) Increased sexual arousal for both men and women 
B) ​Increased sexual arousal for men, but not for women 
C) ​Increased sexual arousal for women, but not for men 
D) ​No increase in sexual arousal for either men or women

Question 9

In which condition does a stimulus such as color also produce another experience,such as sound?​

Accepted Answer

A) Korsakoff's syndrome 
B) ​Capgras syndrome 
C) ​Synesthesia 
D) ​Phantom limb 
A) Korsakoff's syndrome 
B) ​Capgras syndrome 
C) ​Synesthesia 
D) ​Phantom limb

Question 10

Which of the following supports the opponent process theory of color vision?​

Accepted Answer

A) If you stare at a blue object and look away, you see yellow. 
B) ​You see colors clearly in the center of vision but poorly toward the periphery. 
C) ​You can mix three colors of light to match any other color. 
D) ​Changing the color of the surround can change the apparent color of an object. 
A) If you stare at a blue object and look away, you see yellow. 
B) ​You see colors clearly in the center of vision but poorly toward the periphery. 
C) ​You can mix three colors of light to match any other color. 
D) ​Changing the color of the surround can change the apparent color of an object.

Question 11

Some people believe that subliminal "evil" messages recorded backward on rock music produce dangerous effects on listeners' behavior.What have psychological researchers concluded?​

Accepted Answer

A) Backward messages do indeed produce strong, lasting effects on behavior. 
B) ​Backward messages have weak and only brief effects on behavior. 
C) ​No rock group has in fact inserted any backward message on publicly available songs. 
D) ​Even if there were backward messages, they would have no effect on behavior. 
A) Backward messages do indeed produce strong, lasting effects on behavior. 
B) ​Backward messages have weak and only brief effects on behavior. 
C) ​No rock group has in fact inserted any backward message on publicly available songs. 
D) ​Even if there were backward messages, they would have no effect on behavior.

Question 12

On a dark night,why do you see a faint star better if you focus slightly to the side of it?​

Accepted Answer

A) Perception of faint light is better outside the fovea. 
B) ​The pupil casts a shadow onto the fovea. 
C) ​Cones are more abundant slightly outside the fovea than within it. 
D) ​Perception of detail is better outside the fovea. 
A) Perception of faint light is better outside the fovea. 
B) ​The pupil casts a shadow onto the fovea. 
C) ​Cones are more abundant slightly outside the fovea than within it. 
D) ​Perception of detail is better outside the fovea.

Question 13

Which of the following helps explain the waterfall illusion?​

Accepted Answer

A) The retinex theory​ 
B) ​The trichromatic theory 
C) ​Feature detectors 
D) ​Gestalt psychology 
A) The retinex theory​ 
B) ​The trichromatic theory 
C) ​Feature detectors 
D) ​Gestalt psychology

Question 14

What type of question does a feature detector in the visual system answer?​

Accepted Answer

A) Is there more than one way to interpret the scene I am viewing right now? 
B) ​Are the colors in the fovea more distinct than those in the periphery? 
C) ​Does this part of the retina see a straight vertical line? 
D) ​Are the objects that I see right now familiar to me? 
A) Is there more than one way to interpret the scene I am viewing right now? 
B) ​Are the colors in the fovea more distinct than those in the periphery? 
C) ​Does this part of the retina see a straight vertical line? 
D) ​Are the objects that I see right now familiar to me?

Question 15

The retinex theory of color vision tries to explain which of these observations?​

Accepted Answer

A) The apparent color of an object depends on the color of nearby objects. 
B) ​Most people who have trouble seeing green have trouble seeing red also. 
C) ​Color vision is best in the center of vision and declines toward the periphery. 
D) ​In faint light, we see little more than shades of white and gray. 
A) The apparent color of an object depends on the color of nearby objects. 
B) ​Most people who have trouble seeing green have trouble seeing red also. 
C) ​Color vision is best in the center of vision and declines toward the periphery. 
D) ​In faint light, we see little more than shades of white and gray.

Question 16

Regardless of what they are playing,we can tell the difference between a string instrument and a woodwind,based on what?​

Accepted Answer

A) Frequency 
B) ​Amplitude 
C) ​Timbre 
D) ​Pitch 
A) Frequency 
B) ​Amplitude 
C) ​Timbre 
D) ​Pitch

Question 17

Why does all light have a wavelength between about 400 and 700 nm?​

Accepted Answer

A) Wavelengths outside that range cannot travel very far through the air.​ 
B) ​We define light as the wavelengths that stimulate our receptors. 
C) ​Wavelengths outside that range travel more slowly. 
D) ​The air acts as a prism to convert other wavelengths toward this range. 
A) Wavelengths outside that range cannot travel very far through the air.​ 
B) ​We define light as the wavelengths that stimulate our receptors. 
C) ​Wavelengths outside that range travel more slowly. 
D) ​The air acts as a prism to convert other wavelengths toward this range.

Question 18

The opponent-process theory does better than the trichromatic theory at explaining which of these?​

Accepted Answer

A) Motion blindness 
B) ​Color constancy 
C) ​Negative afterimages 
D) ​Dark adaptation 
A) Motion blindness 
B) ​Color constancy 
C) ​Negative afterimages 
D) ​Dark adaptation

Question 19

Which of these is evidence favoring the opponent-process theory of color vision?​

Accepted Answer

A) After staring at a bright-colored image, we see a negative afterimage. 
B) ​From a distance, tiny blue dots appear to be black. 
C) ​It is possible to mix three colors to match any other color. 
D) ​We can still recognize all colors while wearing tinted glasses. 
A) After staring at a bright-colored image, we see a negative afterimage. 
B) ​From a distance, tiny blue dots appear to be black. 
C) ​It is possible to mix three colors to match any other color. 
D) ​We can still recognize all colors while wearing tinted glasses.

Question 20

In old age,the lens becomes more rigid.What is the effect on vision?​

Accepted Answer

A) Focusing on nearby objects becomes more difficult.​ 
B) ​Shifting attention from one object to another becomes more difficult. 
C) ​Judging the speed of a moving object becomes more difficult. 
D) ​Recognizing faces becomes more difficult. 
A) Focusing on nearby objects becomes more difficult.​ 
B) ​Shifting attention from one object to another becomes more difficult. 
C) ​Judging the speed of a moving object becomes more difficult. 
D) ​Recognizing faces becomes more difficult.

Exam 4: Sensation and Perception

What was the theoretical significance in the discovery of color vision deficiency?​

Which of the following is true about animals with good color vision,such as most birds?​

What is a "top-down" approach to visual perception?​

How do people acquire their emotional responses to smells?​

According to gate theory,distraction relieves pain by doing what?​

The gate theory of pain emphasizes how which of the following reduces pain?​

How does the trichromatic theory (Young-Helmholtz theory)explain color vision?​

The smell of a sweaty person of the opposite sex has what effect on heterosexual people?​

In which condition does a stimulus such as color also produce another experience,such as sound?​

Which of the following supports the opponent process theory of color vision?​

Some people believe that subliminal "evil" messages recorded backward on rock music produce dangerous effects on listeners' behavior.What have psychological researchers concluded?​

On a dark night,why do you see a faint star better if you focus slightly to the side of it?​

Which of the following helps explain the waterfall illusion?​

What type of question does a feature detector in the visual system answer?​

The retinex theory of color vision tries to explain which of these observations?​

Regardless of what they are playing,we can tell the difference between a string instrument and a woodwind,based on what?​

Why does all light have a wavelength between about 400 and 700 nm?​

The opponent-process theory does better than the trichromatic theory at explaining which of these?​

Which of these is evidence favoring the opponent-process theory of color vision?​

In old age,the lens becomes more rigid.What is the effect on vision?​

What Is Psychology

Scientific Methods in Psychology

A: Scientific Methods in Psychology

Biological Psychology

A: Biological Psychology

A: Sensation and Perception

Development

A: Development

Learning

A: Learning

Memory

A: Memory

Cognition and Language

A: Cognition and Language

Intelligenceintelligence

A: Intelligence Intelligence

Consciousnessconsciousness

A: Consciousnessconsciousness

Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

A: Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

Part 1 Emotions,stress,and Healthemotions,stress,and Health

A: Emotional,stress,and Healthemotional,stress,and Health

Social Psychologysocial Psychology

A: Social Psychologysocial Psychology

Personalitypersonality

A: Personalitypersonality

Part 1 Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

A: Abnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatmentabnormal Psychology: Disorders and Treatment

Filters

What was the theoretical significance in the discovery of color vision deficiency?

Which of the following is true about animals with good color vision,such as most birds?

What is a "top-down" approach to visual perception?

How do people acquire their emotional responses to smells?

According to gate theory,distraction relieves pain by doing what?

The gate theory of pain emphasizes how which of the following reduces pain?

How does the trichromatic theory (Young-Helmholtz theory)explain color vision?

The smell of a sweaty person of the opposite sex has what effect on heterosexual people?

In which condition does a stimulus such as color also produce another experience,such as sound?

Which of the following supports the opponent process theory of color vision?

Some people believe that subliminal "evil" messages recorded backward on rock music produce dangerous effects on listeners' behavior.What have psychological researchers concluded?

On a dark night,why do you see a faint star better if you focus slightly to the side of it?

Which of the following helps explain the waterfall illusion?

What type of question does a feature detector in the visual system answer?

The retinex theory of color vision tries to explain which of these observations?

Regardless of what they are playing,we can tell the difference between a string instrument and a woodwind,based on what?

Why does all light have a wavelength between about 400 and 700 nm?

The opponent-process theory does better than the trichromatic theory at explaining which of these?

Which of these is evidence favoring the opponent-process theory of color vision?

In old age,the lens becomes more rigid.What is the effect on vision?