Exam 6: A: Learning

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​Money is considered a primary reinforcer.

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​Behaviorists study the differences between conscious and unconscious thought.

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​The individual's behavior controls the presence or absence of reinforcement in both classical and operant conditioning.

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​If reinforcement sometimes occurs after three responses,sometimes after five,sometimes after seven,and so forth,then the schedule of reinforcement is _______  __________.

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Psychologists who study only observable actions,while avoiding discussion of mental processes,are called _______.​

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​A conditioned response will be weak or absent if the unconditioned stimulus often occurs by itself.

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In Pavlov's experiments,a sound preceded food,which evoked salivation.We refer to the sound as the ______ stimulus.​

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​In classical conditioning,repeatedly presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus produces ______________.

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​In which type of learning does an individual readily associate one event with another event that happens minutes or hours later?

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An inborn,automatic connection between a stimulus and a response is called a (an)____________ reflex.​

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​Pavlov theorized that pairing a CS with a UCS caused a path to grow between two brain areas,such that the learner reacted to the CS as if it were the UCS.Cite evidence AGAINST this theory.

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Suppose you want to train your roommate to keep his/her side of the room clean.According to the disequilibrium principle,how should you start?​

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​The belief that you are able to do something successfully is known as self-_________.

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Both positive and negative reinforcement increase the probability of a behavior.

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Almost anything could become a secondary reinforcer.​

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​The more similar a new stimulus is to the original reinforced stimulus,the more likely it is that it will elicit the same response.This phenomenon is known as ____________________.

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​Correlational studies have found that children who are spanked tend to be more aggressive and more prone to antisocial behavior later in life when compared to other children.

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​In conditioned taste aversion,animals learn to avoid a food because it was paired with _________.

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​Describe how classical conditioning could explain drug tolerance.

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​Pavlov paired the sound from a metronome with the presentation of food and measured the dog's salivation response.The sound from the metronome is known as the unconditioned stimulus.

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