Question 1

All of the following describe single-subject research except:

Accepted Answer

A)  It involves in-depth analysis of a single research subject or a small group of subjects considered collectively. 
B)  Each participant serves as his or her own control. 
C)  It is a design most commonly employed for experimental trials. 
D)  There is systematic application, withdrawal, and sometimes variations of the intervention (independent variable). 
A)  It involves in-depth analysis of a single research subject or a small group of subjects considered collectively. 
B)  Each participant serves as his or her own control. 
C)  It is a design most commonly employed for experimental trials. 
D)  There is systematic application, withdrawal, and sometimes variations of the intervention (independent variable). C

Question 2

Please match the definition with design the appropriate.
-A design that includes a baseline phase and a treatment phase

Accepted Answer

A)  A-B design 
B)  A-B-A withdrawal design 
C)  Multiple baseline design 
D)  Alternative-treatment design 
A)  A-B design 
B)  A-B-A withdrawal design 
C)  Multiple baseline design 
D)  Alternative-treatment design A

Question 3

Which of the following would not be a method of replication that would help to ensure that findings are generalizable?

Accepted Answer

A)  Replicate the study with other individuals (subjects) 
B)  Replicate the study in other settings 
C)  Replicate the study using other therapists/interventionists 
D)  Replicate the study using alternative means (interventions) 
A)  Replicate the study with other individuals (subjects) 
B)  Replicate the study in other settings 
C)  Replicate the study using other therapists/interventionists 
D)  Replicate the study using alternative means (interventions) D

Question 4

A multiple-baseline research design across settings is a design where individual behaviors are studied in multiple participants within a specified setting of interest.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Please match the definition with design the appropriate.
-A design that consists of a minimum of three phases: baseline, intervention, and repeated baseline

Accepted Answer

A)  A-B design 
B)  A-B-A withdrawal design 
C)  Multiple baseline design 
D)  Alternative-treatment design 
A)  A-B design 
B)  A-B-A withdrawal design 
C)  Multiple baseline design 
D)  Alternative-treatment design

Question 6

Which of the following would not be a common data collection means?

Accepted Answer

A)  Physiological measures 
B)  Biological measures 
C)  Self-report measures 
D)  Frequency measures 
A)  Physiological measures 
B)  Biological measures 
C)  Self-report measures 
D)  Frequency measures

Question 7

With social validity in mind, it is possible for an intervention to result in desirable changes in the dependent variable, but still be identified by research participants as being unacceptable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

A multiple-baseline research design across behaviors investigates an individual treatment variable applied sequentially to separate behaviors in a single participant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Please match the definition with design the appropriate.
-A design used to compare the effects of intervention and no intervention or to compare the effects of two or more distinct interventions

Accepted Answer

A)  A-B design 
B)  A-B-A withdrawal design 
C)  Multiple baseline design 
D)  Alternative-treatment design 
A)  A-B design 
B)  A-B-A withdrawal design 
C)  Multiple baseline design 
D)  Alternative-treatment design

Question 10

In single-subject designs, dependent variables do not have to be operationally defined due to individuals serving as their own controls.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following would not be a correct consideration in data analysis when using graphs for single-subject studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each variable for each participant or system is graphed with the dependent variable on the y-axis and time on the x-axis. 
B)  When graphing data for one variable for more than one participant, the scale for each graph should be the same to facilitate comparisons across graphs. 
C)  Vertical lines indicate phase changes, and lines connecting data points reflect consecutive intervals. 
D)  Equal-interval graphs should be avoided due to their complexity and difficulty being understood. 
A)  Each variable for each participant or system is graphed with the dependent variable on the y-axis and time on the x-axis. 
B)  When graphing data for one variable for more than one participant, the scale for each graph should be the same to facilitate comparisons across graphs. 
C)  Vertical lines indicate phase changes, and lines connecting data points reflect consecutive intervals. 
D)  Equal-interval graphs should be avoided due to their complexity and difficulty being understood.

Question 12

A multiple-baseline research design across participants investigates one behavior treated sequentially across matched participants.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Data collection methods must be both replicable and reliable in order to maintain validity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Please match the definition with design the appropriate.
-A design that uses repeated measures of at least three baseline conditions that typically are implemented concurrently, with each successive baseline being longer than the previous one

Accepted Answer

A)  A-B design 
B)  A-B-A withdrawal design 
C)  Multiple baseline design 
D)  Alternative-treatment design 
A)  A-B design 
B)  A-B-A withdrawal design 
C)  Multiple baseline design 
D)  Alternative-treatment design

Exam 26: Single-Subject Research

All of the following describe single-subject research except:

Please match the definition with design the appropriate. -A design that includes a baseline phase and a treatment phase

Which of the following would not be a method of replication that would help to ensure that findings are generalizable?

A multiple-baseline research design across settings is a design where individual behaviors are studied in multiple participants within a specified setting of interest.

Please match the definition with design the appropriate. -A design that consists of a minimum of three phases: baseline, intervention, and repeated baseline

Which of the following would not be a common data collection means?

With social validity in mind, it is possible for an intervention to result in desirable changes in the dependent variable, but still be identified by research participants as being unacceptable.

A multiple-baseline research design across behaviors investigates an individual treatment variable applied sequentially to separate behaviors in a single participant.

Please match the definition with design the appropriate. -A design used to compare the effects of intervention and no intervention or to compare the effects of two or more distinct interventions

In single-subject designs, dependent variables do not have to be operationally defined due to individuals serving as their own controls.

Which of the following would not be a correct consideration in data analysis when using graphs for single-subject studies?

A multiple-baseline research design across participants investigates one behavior treated sequentially across matched participants.

Data collection methods must be both replicable and reliable in order to maintain validity.

Please match the definition with design the appropriate. -A design that uses repeated measures of at least three baseline conditions that typically are implemented concurrently, with each successive baseline being longer than the previous one

Occupational Therapy As an Evidence-Based Practice Profession

Classifications and Aims of Research

Philosophical Foundations of Research

Reading and Understanding Published and Presented Research

Critically Appraising and Classifying Published and Presented Research

Managing Barriers to Evidence-Based Practice: An International Imperative

Professional Responsibility and Roles in Research

The Role of Theory in Occupational Therapy

Steps in the Research Process and Characteristics of Sound Research

Conducting a Literature Review

Generating Research Questions and Defining Specific Aims and Hypotheses

Selecting the Research Method

Writing the Research Proposal

Ensuring Ethical Research

Securing Samples and Performance Sites

Design Considerations in Qualitative Research

Collecting Qualitative Data

Contemporary Tools for Managing and Analyzing Qualitative Data

Qualitative Approaches to Interpreting and Reporting Data

Quantitative Research Designs: Defining Variables and Their Relationships With One Another

Developing and Evaluating Quantitative Data Collection Instruments

Collecting Quantitative Data

Entering, Storing, and Managing Data

Deciding on an Approach to Data Analysis

Meta-Analysis

Survey Research

Needs Assessment Research

Program Evaluation Research

Participatory Research Approaches

Writing a Literature Review

Disseminating Research: Presenting, Writing, and Publishing

Writing a Grant Proposal

Using Mixed-Methods Designs to Study Therapy and Its Outcomes

Creating Outcomes Research for Evidence-Based Practice

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