Question 1

If HIV is allowed to enter the epithelium of the vaginal walls, what is the first level of the immune system it would have to defeat to cause an infection?

Accepted Answer

A) innate immune system 
B) humoral immunity 
C) cell-mediated immunity 
D) autoimmune system 
A) innate immune system 
B) humoral immunity 
C) cell-mediated immunity 
D) autoimmune system

Question 2

During a major infection, you get a high fever because

Accepted Answer

A) the bacteria in your body produce chemicals that cause the brain to raise your temperature to make the environment more amenable to bacterial growth. 
B) your immune system signals the brain to raise body temperature to limit bacterial growth and speed up phagocytosis. 
C) pathogens damage tissues throughout your body, causing an extreme inflammatory response. 
D) your low energy levels prevent the brain from maintaining the negative feedback loop that controls body temperature. 
A) the bacteria in your body produce chemicals that cause the brain to raise your temperature to make the environment more amenable to bacterial growth. 
B) your immune system signals the brain to raise body temperature to limit bacterial growth and speed up phagocytosis. 
C) pathogens damage tissues throughout your body, causing an extreme inflammatory response. 
D) your low energy levels prevent the brain from maintaining the negative feedback loop that controls body temperature.

Question 3

Salt in the sweat is a component of adaptive immunity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

During the inflammatory response, swelling occurs as a result of the leaking of ____________________ out of the blood vessels.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the inflammatory response, swelling occurs as...

Question 5

Lymphocytes surround and digest the damaged host cells and the marked cells of the invading organism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Helper T cells

Accepted Answer

A) stimulate the proliferation of killer T cells when bound to their specific antigen. 
B) stimulate the proliferation of B cells when bound to their specific antigen. 
C) proliferate rapidly when bound to their specific antigen. 
D) all of the above 
A) stimulate the proliferation of killer T cells when bound to their specific antigen. 
B) stimulate the proliferation of B cells when bound to their specific antigen. 
C) proliferate rapidly when bound to their specific antigen. 
D) all of the above

Question 7

The diagnosis of cancer represents a failure of the body's cancer ____________________ system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The diagnosis of cancer represents a failure...

Question 8

____________________ cells remain in our body after the initial exposure to a disease organism and help the immune system recognize that particular organism during a second exposure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ cells remain in our body after...

Question 9

Examine the figure below.  
Why is only one of the lymphocytes in this diagram activated by the pathogen?

Accepted Answer

A) Antigens move through the immune system by diffusion, so the lymphocyte closest to the site of infection binds the antigen first. Once a lymphocyte is activated, it produces chemicals that prevent the activation of other lymphocytes. 
B) Lymphocytes are only activated if all of their receptors are bound by antigens. In this case, there were only enough antigens to fully activate one cell. 
C) Your immune system contains many different lymphocytes, each displaying a different antigen-binding protein. In this case, the antigen only matched the binding protein on the cell that was activated. 
D) Lymphocytes can only be activated by chemicals produced by the innate immune system. Only one of the cells in this diagram has been exposed to these chemicals. 
A) Antigens move through the immune system by diffusion, so the lymphocyte closest to the site of infection binds the antigen first. Once a lymphocyte is activated, it produces chemicals that prevent the activation of other lymphocytes. 
B) Lymphocytes are only activated if all of their receptors are bound by antigens. In this case, there were only enough antigens to fully activate one cell. 
C) Your immune system contains many different lymphocytes, each displaying a different antigen-binding protein. In this case, the antigen only matched the binding protein on the cell that was activated. 
D) Lymphocytes can only be activated by chemicals produced by the innate immune system. Only one of the cells in this diagram has been exposed to these chemicals.

Question 10

Fevers are a defense mechanism that helps our bodies fight off invading parasites. Based on this information, should you "starve a fever"?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes, because the reduced food intake will allow the body to generate more energy to fight off the parasite. 
B) Yes, because eating feeds the infecting parasite more than it feeds the host. 
C) No, because foods that are good for humans are toxic to our parasites. 
D) No, because the body needs food in order to generate enough metabolic heat to maintain the fever. 
A) Yes, because the reduced food intake will allow the body to generate more energy to fight off the parasite. 
B) Yes, because eating feeds the infecting parasite more than it feeds the host. 
C) No, because foods that are good for humans are toxic to our parasites. 
D) No, because the body needs food in order to generate enough metabolic heat to maintain the fever.

Question 11

Macrophages and neutrophils make up a ____________________ response to invaders.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Macrophages and neutrophils make up a ____________________...

Question 12

Which of the following is likely to be first on the scene of a bacterial infection?

Accepted Answer

A) macrophages 
B) neutrophils 
C) T helper cells 
D) killer T cells 
A) macrophages 
B) neutrophils 
C) T helper cells 
D) killer T cells

Question 13

A fever is the product of an out-of-control immune response to a parasite.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Once B cells become effector cells, they

Accepted Answer

A) produce the antigens that attach to antibodies. 
B) release freestanding antibodies. 
C) release freestanding antigens. 
D) bind to infected T cells. 
A) produce the antigens that attach to antibodies. 
B) release freestanding antibodies. 
C) release freestanding antigens. 
D) bind to infected T cells.

Question 15

A vaccine contains

Accepted Answer

A) antibodies. 
B) active B cells. 
C) antigens. 
D) active killer T cells. 
A) antibodies. 
B) active B cells. 
C) antigens. 
D) active killer T cells.

Question 16

The immune system can distinguish a self cell from a nonself cell based on the mixture of ____________________ and ____________________ on the plasma membrane.

Accepted Answer

carbohydra

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the human immune response is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Host cells are never destroyed by macrophages, even if they are damaged. 
B) Neutrophils mount a specific response to particular species of invading organisms. 
C) The immune response is more effective during the second exposure to an invader. 
D) Lymphocytes are one of the components of blood clots. 
A) Host cells are never destroyed by macrophages, even if they are damaged. 
B) Neutrophils mount a specific response to particular species of invading organisms. 
C) The immune response is more effective during the second exposure to an invader. 
D) Lymphocytes are one of the components of blood clots.

Question 18

Our first exposure to a particular antigen brings on a(n)____________________ immune response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Our first exposure to a particular antigen...

Exam 32: Defenses Against Disease

If HIV is allowed to enter the epithelium of the vaginal walls, what is the first level of the immune system it would have to defeat to cause an infection?

During a major infection, you get a high fever because

Salt in the sweat is a component of adaptive immunity.

During the inflammatory response, swelling occurs as a result of the leaking of ____________________ out of the blood vessels.

Lymphocytes surround and digest the damaged host cells and the marked cells of the invading organism.

Helper T cells

The diagnosis of cancer represents a failure of the body's cancer ____________________ system.

____________________ cells remain in our body after the initial exposure to a disease organism and help the immune system recognize that particular organism during a second exposure.

Examine the figure below. Why is only one of the lymphocytes in this diagram activated by the pathogen?

Fevers are a defense mechanism that helps our bodies fight off invading parasites. Based on this information, should you "starve a fever"?

Macrophages and neutrophils make up a ____________________ response to invaders.

Which of the following is likely to be first on the scene of a bacterial infection?

A fever is the product of an out-of-control immune response to a parasite.

Once B cells become effector cells, they

A vaccine contains

The immune system can distinguish a self cell from a nonself cell based on the mixture of ____________________ and ____________________ on the plasma membrane.

Which of the following statements about the human immune response is true?

Our first exposure to a particular antigen brings on a(n)____________________ immune response.

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

Biological Diversity, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protista, Plantae, and Fungi

Animalia

The Chemistry of Life

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Stem Cells, Cancer, and Human Health

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

Dna and Genes

From Gene to Protein

Dna Technology

How Evolution Works

Evolution of Populations

Speciation and the Origins of Biological Diversity

The Evolutionary History of Life

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems

Global Change

Internal Organization and Homeostasis

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Animal Hormones

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Skeletons, Muscles, and Movement

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

Filters

The immune system can distinguish a self cell from a nonself cell based on the mixture of and on the plasma membrane.