Question 1

When an item irritates the eyes, tears form in order to release lysozyme enzymes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The ____________________ immune system is a specific defense against parasites and internal diseases that exists only in vertebrate animals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ____________________ immune system is a specific...

Question 3

Why is it important that white blood cells are able to travel outside the human circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

A) To form a complement, white blood cells must leave the circulatory vessels. 
B) White blood cells are the antibodies that target parasites. 
C) Pathogens may be found in areas of the body other than within circulatory vessels. 
D) White blood cells must leave the circulatory system in order to return red blood cells to the circulatory vessels. 
A) To form a complement, white blood cells must leave the circulatory vessels. 
B) White blood cells are the antibodies that target parasites. 
C) Pathogens may be found in areas of the body other than within circulatory vessels. 
D) White blood cells must leave the circulatory system in order to return red blood cells to the circulatory vessels.

Question 4

Memory cells

Accepted Answer

A) include B and T cells that remain in the body for long periods of time after the first exposure to a pathogen. 
B) are macrophages that store copies of antibodies for decades. 
C) make copies of T cells that remain active long after the primary response has ended. 
D) become T cells during a secondary response to a pathogen. 
A) include B and T cells that remain in the body for long periods of time after the first exposure to a pathogen. 
B) are macrophages that store copies of antibodies for decades. 
C) make copies of T cells that remain active long after the primary response has ended. 
D) become T cells during a secondary response to a pathogen.

Question 5

The image below depicts

Accepted Answer

A) adaptive immunity: antibodies are being made. 
B) passive immunity: neutrophils are being destroyed. 
C) innate immunity: memory cells are being made. 
D) inflammatory response: blood vessels are porous and leaking fluid. 
A) adaptive immunity: antibodies are being made. 
B) passive immunity: neutrophils are being destroyed. 
C) innate immunity: memory cells are being made. 
D) inflammatory response: blood vessels are porous and leaking fluid.

Question 6

White blood cells called macrophages destroy invading pathogens by phagocytosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Macrophages are smaller than neutrophils but have a similar function.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Complement proteins

Accepted Answer

A) kill invaders. 
B) are precursors to antibodies. 
C) repel macrophages. 
D) break down antigens. 
A) kill invaders. 
B) are precursors to antibodies. 
C) repel macrophages. 
D) break down antigens.

Question 9

Any pathogens that macrophages find indigestible can be isolated from other cells by

Accepted Answer

A) phagocytosis. 
B) producing antigens. 
C) producing antibodies. 
D) encapsulation. 
A) phagocytosis. 
B) producing antigens. 
C) producing antibodies. 
D) encapsulation.

Question 10

The human immune system contains trillions of specialized cells of several kinds, all of which help destroy invaders. What are these cells called?

Accepted Answer

A) red blood cells 
B) white blood cells 
C) lymphatic cells 
D) blood plasma 
A) red blood cells 
B) white blood cells 
C) lymphatic cells 
D) blood plasma

Question 11

Which of the following statements about vaccinations given to humans is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The vaccination acts as the first exposure to a virus, allowing the much more effective second exposure response to occur when the virus actually infects the body. 
B) A vaccination primes the body so that it will no longer respond to an invasion by a virus. 
C) There is a chance of a person's getting the disease from a vaccination, because vaccination involves the injection of the entire living disease organism. 
D) Vaccinations prime the virus so that the virus will not kill as many body cells as it would in a nonvaccinated person. 
A) The vaccination acts as the first exposure to a virus, allowing the much more effective second exposure response to occur when the virus actually infects the body. 
B) A vaccination primes the body so that it will no longer respond to an invasion by a virus. 
C) There is a chance of a person's getting the disease from a vaccination, because vaccination involves the injection of the entire living disease organism. 
D) Vaccinations prime the virus so that the virus will not kill as many body cells as it would in a nonvaccinated person.

Question 12

An example of innate immunity component involves

Accepted Answer

A) the production of antibodies from T cells. 
B) the production of antibodies from B cells 
C) vaccinations. 
D) the acidic environment in the digestive system. 
A) the production of antibodies from T cells. 
B) the production of antibodies from B cells 
C) vaccinations. 
D) the acidic environment in the digestive system.

Question 13

The graph below depicts the immune response following a vaccine and a booster shot.  
The line labeled with the letter ____________________ represents the response after the initial vaccine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The graph below depicts the immune response...

Question 14

A vaccine stimulates the formation of ____________________ cells by introducing the immune system to a killed or weakened form of a virus before they are exposed to the actual pathogen.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A vaccine stimulates the formation of ____________________...

Question 15

At the site of a wound or cut, platelets combine with proteins in our blood to form

Accepted Answer

A) macrophages. 
B) antibodies. 
C) prostaglandins. 
D) clots. 
A) macrophages. 
B) antibodies. 
C) prostaglandins. 
D) clots.

Question 16

Adaptive immune responses are faster at responding to the invasion of a pathogen than innate immune responses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

____________________ blood cells are a kind of defensive cell found in the interstitial fluid between the cells in the most vulnerable parts of the body and circulating in the blood.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ blood cells are a kind of...

Question 18

In the case of AIDS, death is more likely to result from other infections that the immune system cannot control than from HIV itself.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following statements about infection by HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Most AIDS victims go through a period of up to 15 years between infection and the onset of AIDS symptoms. 
B) In the early part of the infection, killer T lymphocytes destroy helper T lymphocytes infected by the virus. 
C) The antigens on the protein coat of the HIV remain the same through time. 
D) The victim's immune system eventually collapses, and normally harmless infections cause death. 
A) Most AIDS victims go through a period of up to 15 years between infection and the onset of AIDS symptoms. 
B) In the early part of the infection, killer T lymphocytes destroy helper T lymphocytes infected by the virus. 
C) The antigens on the protein coat of the HIV remain the same through time. 
D) The victim's immune system eventually collapses, and normally harmless infections cause death.

Question 20

At various points along the lymphatic ducts lie ____________________, pockets of tissue containing huge numbers of white blood cells that trap bacteria, viruses, and foreign proteins.

Accepted Answer

The answer of At various points along the lymphatic ducts...

Exam 32: Defenses Against Disease

When an item irritates the eyes, tears form in order to release lysozyme enzymes.

The ____________________ immune system is a specific defense against parasites and internal diseases that exists only in vertebrate animals.

Why is it important that white blood cells are able to travel outside the human circulatory system?

Memory cells

The image below depicts

White blood cells called macrophages destroy invading pathogens by phagocytosis.

Macrophages are smaller than neutrophils but have a similar function.

Complement proteins

Any pathogens that macrophages find indigestible can be isolated from other cells by

The human immune system contains trillions of specialized cells of several kinds, all of which help destroy invaders. What are these cells called?

Which of the following statements about vaccinations given to humans is true?

An example of innate immunity component involves

The graph below depicts the immune response following a vaccine and a booster shot. The line labeled with the letter ____________________ represents the response after the initial vaccine.

A vaccine stimulates the formation of ____________________ cells by introducing the immune system to a killed or weakened form of a virus before they are exposed to the actual pathogen.

At the site of a wound or cut, platelets combine with proteins in our blood to form

Adaptive immune responses are faster at responding to the invasion of a pathogen than innate immune responses.

____________________ blood cells are a kind of defensive cell found in the interstitial fluid between the cells in the most vulnerable parts of the body and circulating in the blood.

In the case of AIDS, death is more likely to result from other infections that the immune system cannot control than from HIV itself.

Which of the following statements about infection by HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is false?

At various points along the lymphatic ducts lie ____________________, pockets of tissue containing huge numbers of white blood cells that trap bacteria, viruses, and foreign proteins.

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