Question 1

Which of the following is not true?

Accepted Answer

A) Adaptations are complex and always predesigned. 
B) Some adaptations are so complex that they may appear to be predesigned. 
C) Adaptations often involve more than a single characteristic of organisms. 
D) Some adaptations help organisms defend against predators. 
A) Adaptations are complex and always predesigned. 
B) Some adaptations are so complex that they may appear to be predesigned. 
C) Adaptations often involve more than a single characteristic of organisms. 
D) Some adaptations help organisms defend against predators.

Question 2

The great diversity of life on Earth is caused by ____________________-the formation of new species.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The great diversity of life on Earth...

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a postzygotic barrier?

Accepted Answer

A) The gametes cannot join. 
B) The zygote fails to develop. 
C) The breeding seasons are different. 
D) The courtship behaviors are different. 
A) The gametes cannot join. 
B) The zygote fails to develop. 
C) The breeding seasons are different. 
D) The courtship behaviors are different.

Question 4

Adaptive evolution

Accepted Answer

A) is large-scale movement of a single species over a new geographic area. 
B) occurs when a more adapted species causes the extinction of a less adapted one. 
C) is the process by which natural selection improves the match between an organism and its environment over time. 
D) is an increase in the adaptiveness of many species that have already evolved. 
A) is large-scale movement of a single species over a new geographic area. 
B) occurs when a more adapted species causes the extinction of a less adapted one. 
C) is the process by which natural selection improves the match between an organism and its environment over time. 
D) is an increase in the adaptiveness of many species that have already evolved.

Question 5

Speciation

Accepted Answer

A) can result from geographic isolation. 
B) is directed. 
C) occurs only in ring species. 
D) reduces variation. 
A) can result from geographic isolation. 
B) is directed. 
C) occurs only in ring species. 
D) reduces variation.

Question 6

The soapberry bugs shown in the figure below adapted to a change in food source in as fast as 30 years. For evolution to occur this quickly

Accepted Answer

A) alleles for shorter beaks must have been present in the soapberry bug population before its food source changed. 
B) the soapberry bugs must have mutated their beak length genes when they ran out of food. 
C) the life cycle of the soapberry bug (time from egg hatching to reproductive age) must be very long. 
D) soapberry bugs must have had several other food sources besides the fruit they normally ate. 
A) alleles for shorter beaks must have been present in the soapberry bug population before its food source changed. 
B) the soapberry bugs must have mutated their beak length genes when they ran out of food. 
C) the life cycle of the soapberry bug (time from egg hatching to reproductive age) must be very long. 
D) soapberry bugs must have had several other food sources besides the fruit they normally ate.

Question 7

If a population lacks genetic variation,

Accepted Answer

A) it may not be able to evolve as the environment changes. 
B) it is more likely to undergo gene flow. 
C) reproductive isolation is unlikely. 
D) the rate of speciation may increase. 
A) it may not be able to evolve as the environment changes. 
B) it is more likely to undergo gene flow. 
C) reproductive isolation is unlikely. 
D) the rate of speciation may increase.

Question 8

When speciation is caused by a rapid change in chromosomal number such as ____________________, new species form in a single generation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When speciation is caused by a rapid...

Question 9

Great controversy exists regarding the "hobbits" of Flores Island. Which of the following arguments would not support the hypothesis that hobbits are the same species as modern humans?

Accepted Answer

A) The different structure of the wrist bones found on Flores Island is an example of the level of nature variation exhibited by Homo sapiens. 
B) Reconstructions of the hobbit brain show that it has unique structural features not seen in the brains of modern humans. 
C) Modern populations of human pygmies of approximately the same size as the Flores hobbits exist on islands in the Philippines. 
D) The island of Flores has never been isolated from other human populations by enough distance to prevent gene flow. 
A) The different structure of the wrist bones found on Flores Island is an example of the level of nature variation exhibited by Homo sapiens. 
B) Reconstructions of the hobbit brain show that it has unique structural features not seen in the brains of modern humans. 
C) Modern populations of human pygmies of approximately the same size as the Flores hobbits exist on islands in the Philippines. 
D) The island of Flores has never been isolated from other human populations by enough distance to prevent gene flow.

Question 10

Ninety-nine percent of all the species that ever existed on Earth are now extinct.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of reproductive isolation?

Accepted Answer

A) Male deer with large branching antlers are more likely to mate. 
B) A blue lizard washes away from a population of mostly green lizards during a hurricane and ends up on an island containing no other lizards to mate with. 
C) One population of frogs mates in the deep water of a pond and another population of frogs mates on the shore of the same pond. 
D) One individual from a population of fruit flies from an apple orchard is blown by heavy winds into another orchard where it mates with a different population of fruit flies. 
A) Male deer with large branching antlers are more likely to mate. 
B) A blue lizard washes away from a population of mostly green lizards during a hurricane and ends up on an island containing no other lizards to mate with. 
C) One population of frogs mates in the deep water of a pond and another population of frogs mates on the shore of the same pond. 
D) One individual from a population of fruit flies from an apple orchard is blown by heavy winds into another orchard where it mates with a different population of fruit flies.

Question 12

Which of the following most likely is not an adaptation by plants to attract animals for assistance with mating?

Accepted Answer

A) production of nectar 
B) brightly colored flower petals 
C) absence of petals 
D) sweet-smelling fragrance 
A) production of nectar 
B) brightly colored flower petals 
C) absence of petals 
D) sweet-smelling fragrance

Question 13

In the example below, two new species are created as a result of ____________________ speciation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the example below, two new species...

Question 14

An ecological ____________________ can limit a population's ability to adapt to its environment, as the organisms must compromise between what is possible developmentally and what is possible genetically.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An ecological ____________________ can limit a population's...

Question 15

Two species live in the same area but breed in different parts of their habitat. These species are

Accepted Answer

A) geographically isolated. 
B) ecologically isolated. 
C) artificially isolated. 
D) likely to produce hybrids. 
A) geographically isolated. 
B) ecologically isolated. 
C) artificially isolated. 
D) likely to produce hybrids.

Question 16

Speciation cannot occur without geographic isolation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

In general, geographical isolation occurs when

Accepted Answer

A) populations migrate to new environments. 
B) gene flow is reduced by more than 75 percent due to climate change. 
C) mutations overcome genetic drift across physical barriers. 
D) populations are separated by a distance that is great enough to limit gene flow. 
A) populations migrate to new environments. 
B) gene flow is reduced by more than 75 percent due to climate change. 
C) mutations overcome genetic drift across physical barriers. 
D) populations are separated by a distance that is great enough to limit gene flow.

Question 18

The red-breasted nuthatch and the white-breasted nuthatch are similar in appearance and, in many regions of the United States, their ranges overlap. The two organisms do not interbreed. Based on this information, red-breasted and white-breasted nuthatches are

Accepted Answer

A) different species. 
B) different populations of the same species. 
C) hybrids. 
D) polyploids. 
A) different species. 
B) different populations of the same species. 
C) hybrids. 
D) polyploids.

Question 19

The fossils of two adult birds are found in a nest containing several fossilized eggs. Physically, the bird fossils look very different. What are scientists most likely to use to classify these species?

Accepted Answer

A) the biological species concept 
B) the DNA-based species concept 
C) the morphological species concept 
D) the evidence of reproduction concept 
A) the biological species concept 
B) the DNA-based species concept 
C) the morphological species concept 
D) the evidence of reproduction concept

Question 20

Polyploidy in plants can lead to

Accepted Answer

A) prezygotic isolation. 
B) reduced chromosome numbers. 
C) reversed meiosis. 
D) postzygotic isolation. 
A) prezygotic isolation. 
B) reduced chromosome numbers. 
C) reversed meiosis. 
D) postzygotic isolation.

Exam 19: Speciation and the Origins of Biological Diversity

Which of the following is not true?

The great diversity of life on Earth is caused by ____________________-the formation of new species.

Which of the following is an example of a postzygotic barrier?

Adaptive evolution

Speciation

The soapberry bugs shown in the figure below adapted to a change in food source in as fast as 30 years. For evolution to occur this quickly

If a population lacks genetic variation,

When speciation is caused by a rapid change in chromosomal number such as ____________________, new species form in a single generation.

Great controversy exists regarding the "hobbits" of Flores Island. Which of the following arguments would not support the hypothesis that hobbits are the same species as modern humans?

Ninety-nine percent of all the species that ever existed on Earth are now extinct.

Which of the following is an example of reproductive isolation?

Which of the following most likely is not an adaptation by plants to attract animals for assistance with mating?

In the example below, two new species are created as a result of ____________________ speciation.

An ecological ____________________ can limit a population's ability to adapt to its environment, as the organisms must compromise between what is possible developmentally and what is possible genetically.

Two species live in the same area but breed in different parts of their habitat. These species are

Speciation cannot occur without geographic isolation.

In general, geographical isolation occurs when

The red-breasted nuthatch and the white-breasted nuthatch are similar in appearance and, in many regions of the United States, their ranges overlap. The two organisms do not interbreed. Based on this information, red-breasted and white-breasted nuthatches are

The fossils of two adult birds are found in a nest containing several fossilized eggs. Physically, the bird fossils look very different. What are scientists most likely to use to classify these species?

Polyploidy in plants can lead to

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

Biological Diversity, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protista, Plantae, and Fungi

Animalia

The Chemistry of Life

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Stem Cells, Cancer, and Human Health

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

Dna and Genes

From Gene to Protein

Dna Technology

How Evolution Works

Evolution of Populations

The Evolutionary History of Life

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems

Global Change

Internal Organization and Homeostasis

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Animal Hormones

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Skeletons, Muscles, and Movement

Defenses Against Disease

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

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