Question 1

Which of the following is not an example of a prezygotic barrier?

Accepted Answer

A) Two populations of plants produce flowers at different times of year. 
B) The reproductive organ of the male of one species of damselfly is physically unable to deposit sperm in the reproductive receptacle of the female of another species of damselfly. 
C) The hybrid produced by the mating of a lion and a tiger is reproductively sterile. 
D) One population of frogs lives in the middle of a pond and the other lives exclusively on land. 
A) Two populations of plants produce flowers at different times of year. 
B) The reproductive organ of the male of one species of damselfly is physically unable to deposit sperm in the reproductive receptacle of the female of another species of damselfly. 
C) The hybrid produced by the mating of a lion and a tiger is reproductively sterile. 
D) One population of frogs lives in the middle of a pond and the other lives exclusively on land.

Question 2

Geographic isolation can result in speciation but usually only over long periods of time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of the following is not true of adaptations?

Accepted Answer

A) They are often complex. 
B) They help organisms better match their environments. 
C) They can occur quickly or slowly. 
D) They lead to an organism becoming perfectly adapted. 
A) They are often complex. 
B) They help organisms better match their environments. 
C) They can occur quickly or slowly. 
D) They lead to an organism becoming perfectly adapted.

Question 4

It takes at least 25 generations of reproduction before a new species can be formed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Mutations in developmental genes may provide an advantage at some stages of life, but be fatal at other stages of life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The rough-skinned newt produces one of the most potent toxins on the planet. Scientists in Oregon have found that as newts evolve to produce a more deadly toxin, their primary predator, the garter snake, evolves ways to resist the toxin. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) ecological trade-offs in the evolution of the newt. 
B) an adaptation of the newt to living in aquatic environments. 
C) reproductive isolation in a population of garter snakes. 
D) coevolution of predator and prey. 
A) ecological trade-offs in the evolution of the newt. 
B) an adaptation of the newt to living in aquatic environments. 
C) reproductive isolation in a population of garter snakes. 
D) coevolution of predator and prey.

Question 7

Sympatric speciation

Accepted Answer

A) occurs only in plants. 
B) is impossible, because the populations of a species must be isolated from one another for speciation to occur. 
C) is always a result of polyploidy. 
D) occurs when a new species emerges from a population in the absence of a geographical barrier. 
A) occurs only in plants. 
B) is impossible, because the populations of a species must be isolated from one another for speciation to occur. 
C) is always a result of polyploidy. 
D) occurs when a new species emerges from a population in the absence of a geographical barrier.

Question 8

A rainforest is a highly complex habitat, with organisms living at various levels in the trees, on the ground, and underground. Is it possible to consider two populations living in the same tree to be geographically isolated?

Accepted Answer

A) No, because if they are in the same tree, they are in the same geographic area. 
B) No, because if they are in the same square acre, they cannot be considered geographically isolated. 
C) Yes, because they can still undergo sympatric speciation. 
D) Yes, because there are so many habitats in one tree that the populations may never interact. 
A) No, because if they are in the same tree, they are in the same geographic area. 
B) No, because if they are in the same square acre, they cannot be considered geographically isolated. 
C) Yes, because they can still undergo sympatric speciation. 
D) Yes, because there are so many habitats in one tree that the populations may never interact.

Question 9

Adaptations result from natural selection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Two species live near each other but do not respond to each other's courtship displays. This is an example of ____________________ isolation, a type of prezygotic barrier.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Two species live near each other but...

Question 11

A population of crickets in Hawaii exhibits an allele that changes the shape of its wings so that they cannot chirp. Chirping crickets are targeted by parasitic wasps that eventually kill the cricket, but nonchirping crickets have trouble finding their mates. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) reproductive isolation. 
B) speciation. 
C) a prezygotic barrier. 
D) an ecological trade-off. 
A) reproductive isolation. 
B) speciation. 
C) a prezygotic barrier. 
D) an ecological trade-off.

Question 12

The only modern humans that exhibit Neandertal genes are descended from non-African ancestors. This is because

Accepted Answer

A) hybrids produced by interbreeding between Neandertals and African humans were not fertile. 
B) the ancestors of African humans have the same ancestors as Neandertals. 
C) Neandertals evolved outside of Africa, so only humans who lived outside of Africa could have interbred with them. 
D) African humans evolved after Neandertals went extinct. 
A) hybrids produced by interbreeding between Neandertals and African humans were not fertile. 
B) the ancestors of African humans have the same ancestors as Neandertals. 
C) Neandertals evolved outside of Africa, so only humans who lived outside of Africa could have interbred with them. 
D) African humans evolved after Neandertals went extinct.

Question 13

An organism is polyploid if it has more than two complete sets of ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An organism is polyploid if it has...

Question 14

Gene flow prevents two populations from becoming genetically different.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A flower is red, has a long tube formed by fusion of petals, has nectar at the base of the tube, has no landing platform, and opens during the day. It has probably become adapted to mate with the assistance of

Accepted Answer

A) mice. 
B) bees. 
C) hummingbirds. 
D) bats. 
A) mice. 
B) bees. 
C) hummingbirds. 
D) bats.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a prezygotic barrier that can isolate two species living in the same geographic area?

Accepted Answer

A) The members of two populations of birds living in neighboring forests freely interbreed. 
B) One species of cichlid has the same mating behavior as another cichlid species in the same lake. 
C) The gametes of one species of orchid in a rainforest are unable to fuse with the gametes of another species of orchid in the same rainforest. 
D) Two species of wildflowers mate and produce a hybrid that is capable of successfully breeding with either species. 
A) The members of two populations of birds living in neighboring forests freely interbreed. 
B) One species of cichlid has the same mating behavior as another cichlid species in the same lake. 
C) The gametes of one species of orchid in a rainforest are unable to fuse with the gametes of another species of orchid in the same rainforest. 
D) Two species of wildflowers mate and produce a hybrid that is capable of successfully breeding with either species.

Question 17

Why have the two plant populations depicted in the diagram below become so different in the time they were separated by the ocean?

Accepted Answer

A) Founder's effect; a small group of individuals carrying only the tall allele established a new population on the right side of the ocean. 
B) The amount of gene flow between the two populations increased when the ocean separated the plants, so mutations moved from one population to another. 
C) When sea levels rose, it killed all of the plants on the right side of the figure. A new species evolved from another plant species already existing in the mountains on the right. 
D) The separated populations adapted to the different environments on each side of the ocean and became reproductively isolated. 
A) Founder's effect; a small group of individuals carrying only the tall allele established a new population on the right side of the ocean. 
B) The amount of gene flow between the two populations increased when the ocean separated the plants, so mutations moved from one population to another. 
C) When sea levels rose, it killed all of the plants on the right side of the figure. A new species evolved from another plant species already existing in the mountains on the right. 
D) The separated populations adapted to the different environments on each side of the ocean and became reproductively isolated.

Question 18

Adaptive evolution allows species to

Accepted Answer

A) reduce mutation rate. 
B) decrease genetic variation. 
C) adjust to environmental changes. 
D) hybridize. 
A) reduce mutation rate. 
B) decrease genetic variation. 
C) adjust to environmental changes. 
D) hybridize.

Question 19

Geographic isolation limits the _____ between populations of a species.

Accepted Answer

A) genetic differences 
B) adaptation 
C) directional selection 
D) gene flow 
A) genetic differences 
B) adaptation 
C) directional selection 
D) gene flow

Question 20

Individuals of the same species generally

Accepted Answer

A) experience prezygotic barriers to reproduction. 
B) do not interbreed extensively. 
C) share many common physical and behavioral characteristics. 
D) vary only very slightly in appearance. 
A) experience prezygotic barriers to reproduction. 
B) do not interbreed extensively. 
C) share many common physical and behavioral characteristics. 
D) vary only very slightly in appearance.

Exam 19: Speciation and the Origins of Biological Diversity

Which of the following is not an example of a prezygotic barrier?

Geographic isolation can result in speciation but usually only over long periods of time.

Which of the following is not true of adaptations?

It takes at least 25 generations of reproduction before a new species can be formed.

Mutations in developmental genes may provide an advantage at some stages of life, but be fatal at other stages of life.

The rough-skinned newt produces one of the most potent toxins on the planet. Scientists in Oregon have found that as newts evolve to produce a more deadly toxin, their primary predator, the garter snake, evolves ways to resist the toxin. This is an example of

Sympatric speciation

A rainforest is a highly complex habitat, with organisms living at various levels in the trees, on the ground, and underground. Is it possible to consider two populations living in the same tree to be geographically isolated?

Adaptations result from natural selection.

Two species live near each other but do not respond to each other's courtship displays. This is an example of ____________________ isolation, a type of prezygotic barrier.

A population of crickets in Hawaii exhibits an allele that changes the shape of its wings so that they cannot chirp. Chirping crickets are targeted by parasitic wasps that eventually kill the cricket, but nonchirping crickets have trouble finding their mates. This is an example of

The only modern humans that exhibit Neandertal genes are descended from non-African ancestors. This is because

An organism is polyploid if it has more than two complete sets of ____________________.

Gene flow prevents two populations from becoming genetically different.

A flower is red, has a long tube formed by fusion of petals, has nectar at the base of the tube, has no landing platform, and opens during the day. It has probably become adapted to mate with the assistance of

Which of the following is an example of a prezygotic barrier that can isolate two species living in the same geographic area?

Why have the two plant populations depicted in the diagram below become so different in the time they were separated by the ocean?

Adaptive evolution allows species to

Geographic isolation limits the _____ between populations of a species.

Individuals of the same species generally

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