Question 1

In the reaction H₂O + CO₂ + carbonic anhydraseà H⁺ + HCO₃⁻+ carbonic anhydrase, carbonic anhydrase is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) reactant. 
B) product. 
C) enzyme. 
D) active site. 
A) reactant. 
B) product. 
C) enzyme. 
D) active site.

Question 2

A given enzyme

Accepted Answer

A) can be used for many different kinds of chemical reactions. 
B) is permanently changed during a chemical reaction. 
C) has a special site where the products bind before the reaction begins. 
D) lowers the activation energy of a particular reaction. 
A) can be used for many different kinds of chemical reactions. 
B) is permanently changed during a chemical reaction. 
C) has a special site where the products bind before the reaction begins. 
D) lowers the activation energy of a particular reaction.

Question 3

Why is heat shown flowing from the worker in the illustration below?

Accepted Answer

A) The worker was exposed to the sun while working outside and simply got hot. 
B) The conversion of metabolic energy into muscle contraction is not 100 percent efficient and some of the energy is lost as heat. 
C) Using a hammer, paintbrush, or any other tool generates friction and heat in the arm that must be lost to maintain homeostasis. 
D) Energy and matter are equivalent; the conversion of the worker's body mass to kinetic energy requires a reduction of body mass and is indicated by the outflow arrows. 
A) The worker was exposed to the sun while working outside and simply got hot. 
B) The conversion of metabolic energy into muscle contraction is not 100 percent efficient and some of the energy is lost as heat. 
C) Using a hammer, paintbrush, or any other tool generates friction and heat in the arm that must be lost to maintain homeostasis. 
D) Energy and matter are equivalent; the conversion of the worker's body mass to kinetic energy requires a reduction of body mass and is indicated by the outflow arrows.

Question 4

Photosynthetic organisms capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical bonds by forming

Accepted Answer

A) sugars. 
B) enzymes. 
C) work. 
D) heat. 
A) sugars. 
B) enzymes. 
C) work. 
D) heat.

Question 5

In the reaction CH₂O + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O,

Accepted Answer

A) carbon is reduced and hydrogen is oxidized. 
B) carbon is oxidized and oxygen is reduced. 
C) carbon and hydrogen are reduced. 
D) carbon and oxygen are oxidized. 
A) carbon is reduced and hydrogen is oxidized. 
B) carbon is oxidized and oxygen is reduced. 
C) carbon and hydrogen are reduced. 
D) carbon and oxygen are oxidized.

Question 6

Organisms that maintain a constant body temperature rely on the heat produced by cells. Where does this heat come from?

Accepted Answer

A) Special metabolic pathways exist just for the production of heat. 
B) Mitochondria produce heat in the form of ATP. 
C) Plants store up heat as they perform photosynthesis. When an organism digests a plant, that heat is released. 
D) Heat is a natural by-product of most chemical reactions. 
A) Special metabolic pathways exist just for the production of heat. 
B) Mitochondria produce heat in the form of ATP. 
C) Plants store up heat as they perform photosynthesis. When an organism digests a plant, that heat is released. 
D) Heat is a natural by-product of most chemical reactions.

Question 7

The first law of thermodynamics states that the total energy of a system and its surroundings remains constant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Fitness appears to have effects even at the cellular level; the ability of cells to process ____________________ to support exercise appears to be proportional to the amount of exercise they have experienced.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fitness appears to have effects even at...

Question 9

A molecule of methane burns, producing carbon dioxide, heat, light, and water. The direction of the event is dictated by the ____________________ law of thermodynamics.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A molecule of methane burns, producing carbon...

Question 10

The sequential reaction pathway A → B → C → D is dependent on enzymes for each separate step. How many different enzymes would be required to produce D if starting with A?

Accepted Answer

A) Just one used over and over for each step. 
B) Two; one for the A to B conversion and one for the C to D conversion. 
C) Three enzymes would be required. 
D) Four enzymes would be required. 
A) Just one used over and over for each step. 
B) Two; one for the A to B conversion and one for the C to D conversion. 
C) Three enzymes would be required. 
D) Four enzymes would be required.

Question 11

According to the ____________________ model, the active site of an enzyme adjusts its shape to mold around a substrate after binding.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the ____________________ model, the active...

Question 12

Carbon dioxide is one product of the metabolic process called ____________________ that occurs in both plants and animals.

Accepted Answer

cellular r

Question 13

_____ reactions use energy to build complex molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) Catabolic 
B) Anabolic 
C) Photosynthetic 
D) Redox 
A) Catabolic 
B) Anabolic 
C) Photosynthetic 
D) Redox

Question 14

Metabolic pathways are relatively uncommon in cells; most biologically significant molecules are obtained intact from a well-balanced diet.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The heat given off by living systems can increase the likelihood that a given chemical reaction takes place. Why is this true?

Accepted Answer

A) The enzymes that catalyze reactions in living systems work increasingly better as the temperature decreases. 
B) The heat given off lowers the internal cellular temperature, which allows reactions to proceed more quickly. 
C) The heat allows photosynthesis to occur more rapidly. 
D) The heat speeds molecular movement, increasing the likelihood of collisions between an enzyme and its substrate. 
A) The enzymes that catalyze reactions in living systems work increasingly better as the temperature decreases. 
B) The heat given off lowers the internal cellular temperature, which allows reactions to proceed more quickly. 
C) The heat allows photosynthesis to occur more rapidly. 
D) The heat speeds molecular movement, increasing the likelihood of collisions between an enzyme and its substrate.

Question 16

In the reaction C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O, the 6 CO₂ molecules are some of the

Accepted Answer

A) substrates. 
B) products. 
C) enzymes. 
D) reactants. 
A) substrates. 
B) products. 
C) enzymes. 
D) reactants.

Question 17

In accordance with the first law of thermodynamics, the energy in a gallon of gas consumed in a mileage test is equal to the

Accepted Answer

A) amount of work performed, a calculation based on miles traveled and the weight of the vehicle. 
B) amount of work performed plus the heat created from the friction of moving parts. 
C) amount of work performed plus the heat from friction, plus the heat of the exhaust from the motor. 
D) amount of work performed plus heat from friction, plus heat from the exhaust, plus the potential energy of combustion products in the exhaust. 
A) amount of work performed, a calculation based on miles traveled and the weight of the vehicle. 
B) amount of work performed plus the heat created from the friction of moving parts. 
C) amount of work performed plus the heat from friction, plus the heat of the exhaust from the motor. 
D) amount of work performed plus heat from friction, plus heat from the exhaust, plus the potential energy of combustion products in the exhaust.

Question 18

Comparative studies have repeatedly shown that smaller animals have faster metabolic rates than larger animals, yet human males are both larger and have a higher average BMR than human females. What explains the variation in the pattern?

Accepted Answer

A) Males typically weigh more than females; when standardized for body weight the average BMR is identical for both genders. 
B) The large average body size of males reduces the surface area to volume ratio; body systems elevate their metabolic rates to compensate for the change. 
C) The metabolic rates of different tissues vary; the male body consists of a high percentage of energy-consuming muscle. 
D) Males have larger digestive systems, ingest more per meal, and metabolize food at a higher rate to maintain body weight homeostasis. 
A) Males typically weigh more than females; when standardized for body weight the average BMR is identical for both genders. 
B) The large average body size of males reduces the surface area to volume ratio; body systems elevate their metabolic rates to compensate for the change. 
C) The metabolic rates of different tissues vary; the male body consists of a high percentage of energy-consuming muscle. 
D) Males have larger digestive systems, ingest more per meal, and metabolize food at a higher rate to maintain body weight homeostasis.

Question 19

The term thermal energy describes the

Accepted Answer

A) orderly movement of electrons along a conductor (such as a wire). 
B) movement of photons as they travel through space. 
C) attractive power of two magnets toward one another. 
D) random movement or vibration of the molecules of any substance (water molecules in a beaker, for example). 
A) orderly movement of electrons along a conductor (such as a wire). 
B) movement of photons as they travel through space. 
C) attractive power of two magnets toward one another. 
D) random movement or vibration of the molecules of any substance (water molecules in a beaker, for example).

Question 20

A molecule of sugar slowly "burns" in one of your cells. The products of these catabolic reactions are _____ than the original sugar molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) less stable and have more energy 
B) more stable and have more energy 
C) more stable and have less energy 
D) less stable and have less energy 
A) less stable and have more energy 
B) more stable and have more energy 
C) more stable and have less energy 
D) less stable and have less energy

Exam 8: Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes

In the reaction H₂O + CO₂ + carbonic anhydraseà H⁺ + HCO₃⁻+ carbonic anhydrase, carbonic anhydrase is a(n)

A given enzyme

Why is heat shown flowing from the worker in the illustration below?

Photosynthetic organisms capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical bonds by forming

In the reaction CH₂O + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O,

Organisms that maintain a constant body temperature rely on the heat produced by cells. Where does this heat come from?

The first law of thermodynamics states that the total energy of a system and its surroundings remains constant.

Fitness appears to have effects even at the cellular level; the ability of cells to process ____________________ to support exercise appears to be proportional to the amount of exercise they have experienced.

A molecule of methane burns, producing carbon dioxide, heat, light, and water. The direction of the event is dictated by the ____________________ law of thermodynamics.

The sequential reaction pathway A → B → C → D is dependent on enzymes for each separate step. How many different enzymes would be required to produce D if starting with A?

According to the ____________________ model, the active site of an enzyme adjusts its shape to mold around a substrate after binding.

Carbon dioxide is one product of the metabolic process called ____________________ that occurs in both plants and animals.

_____ reactions use energy to build complex molecules.

Metabolic pathways are relatively uncommon in cells; most biologically significant molecules are obtained intact from a well-balanced diet.

The heat given off by living systems can increase the likelihood that a given chemical reaction takes place. Why is this true?

In the reaction C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O, the 6 CO₂ molecules are some of the

In accordance with the first law of thermodynamics, the energy in a gallon of gas consumed in a mileage test is equal to the

Comparative studies have repeatedly shown that smaller animals have faster metabolic rates than larger animals, yet human males are both larger and have a higher average BMR than human females. What explains the variation in the pattern?

The term thermal energy describes the

A molecule of sugar slowly "burns" in one of your cells. The products of these catabolic reactions are _____ than the original sugar molecules.

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

Biological Diversity, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protista, Plantae, and Fungi

Animalia

The Chemistry of Life

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Stem Cells, Cancer, and Human Health

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

Dna and Genes

From Gene to Protein

Dna Technology

How Evolution Works

Evolution of Populations

Speciation and the Origins of Biological Diversity

The Evolutionary History of Life

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems

Global Change

Internal Organization and Homeostasis

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Animal Hormones

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Skeletons, Muscles, and Movement

Defenses Against Disease

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

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