Question 1

Biosynthetic reactions require many things, including

Accepted Answer

A) carbon dioxide and water. 
B) glucose and water. 
C) enzymes and ATP. 
D) sunlight and CTP. 
A) carbon dioxide and water. 
B) glucose and water. 
C) enzymes and ATP. 
D) sunlight and CTP.

Question 2

As a molecule becomes more oxidized, it loses electrons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Oxygen can be reduced.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

In a human cell,

Accepted Answer

A) one enzyme usually catalyzes no more than five different chemical reactions. 
B) nearly all chemical reactions are catalyzed by enzymes. 
C) enzymes have to be constantly replaced as they are used up in the reactions that they catalyze. 
D) some enzymes are specialized to store activation energy. 
A) one enzyme usually catalyzes no more than five different chemical reactions. 
B) nearly all chemical reactions are catalyzed by enzymes. 
C) enzymes have to be constantly replaced as they are used up in the reactions that they catalyze. 
D) some enzymes are specialized to store activation energy.

Question 5

In many organelles, groups of different enzymes are located on membranes in close proximity to each other because

Accepted Answer

A) attaching enzymes to the membrane prevents the cell from losing them to the surrounding environment. 
B) when enzymes are in close proximity, each one can catalyze more than one type of reaction. 
C) these enzymes are involved in the same metabolic pathway and keeping them closer together increases the efficiency of the pathway. 
D) all enzymes must act in groups to sufficiently reduce the amount of activation energy required for a reaction to occur. 
A) attaching enzymes to the membrane prevents the cell from losing them to the surrounding environment. 
B) when enzymes are in close proximity, each one can catalyze more than one type of reaction. 
C) these enzymes are involved in the same metabolic pathway and keeping them closer together increases the efficiency of the pathway. 
D) all enzymes must act in groups to sufficiently reduce the amount of activation energy required for a reaction to occur.

Question 6

It is possible to predict the amount of energy released during a chemical reaction (as shown in the illustration below)because the _____ law of thermodynamics states that _____.

Accepted Answer

A) first; energy and matter are equivalent 
B) second; any use of energy affects the entire universe 
C) first; the total amount of energy in a defined system remains constant 
D) second; energetic systems become less organized over time 
A) first; energy and matter are equivalent 
B) second; any use of energy affects the entire universe 
C) first; the total amount of energy in a defined system remains constant 
D) second; energetic systems become less organized over time

Question 7

Which of the following compounds is the least oxidized?

Accepted Answer

A) C6H11O6 
B) CO2 
C) CH4 
D) HCOOH 
A) C6H11O6 
B) CO2 
C) CH4 
D) HCOOH

Question 8

Some kinds of drain cleaners use enzymes rather than strong, more dangerous chemicals. These enzymes must be able to

Accepted Answer

A) catalyze a catabolic reaction. 
B) raise the activation energy of the reaction that clears the clog. 
C) create energy that can be used to break up the clog. 
D) allow excess heat to be passed off into the environment. 
A) catalyze a catabolic reaction. 
B) raise the activation energy of the reaction that clears the clog. 
C) create energy that can be used to break up the clog. 
D) allow excess heat to be passed off into the environment.

Question 9

Chemical reactions can occur without the input of any energy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Plants and animals use different energy storage molecules, yet they both use the same mechanism to "burn" their stored energy. How can plants and animals both be successful, even though they "burn" different energy storage molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) The internal components of plant and animal cells are identical. 
B) The second law of thermodynamics says that all cells have the same energy transfer system. 
C) The breaking of the chemical bonds of a storage molecule transfers energy, no matter what molecule is stored. 
D) All organisms have the same enzymes to catalyze their energy-producing reactions. 
A) The internal components of plant and animal cells are identical. 
B) The second law of thermodynamics says that all cells have the same energy transfer system. 
C) The breaking of the chemical bonds of a storage molecule transfers energy, no matter what molecule is stored. 
D) All organisms have the same enzymes to catalyze their energy-producing reactions.

Question 11

Sugar molecules are more oxidized than carbon dioxide molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Physiologists monitored metabolite concentrations generated during exercise in three groups of individuals (those with poor fitness, average fitness, and exceptional fitness); which statement best summarizes their findings?

Accepted Answer

A) Exercise was beneficial to all groups, but those benefits concluded immediately upon cessation of the exercise; to be significantly beneficial, the duration of exercise must be lengthened. 
B) The metabolic responsiveness of unfit individuals was extremely low; unfit individuals are unlikely to experience benefits from exercise for at least 30 days after starting an exercise program. 
C) Exercise produced an almost immediate positive metabolic effect in which the strength and duration was proportional to the fitness level; exercise was beneficial to all participants. 
D) Metabolites extracted from the blood of unfit individuals was shown to suppress the level of metabolism of cells growing in tissue culture. 
A) Exercise was beneficial to all groups, but those benefits concluded immediately upon cessation of the exercise; to be significantly beneficial, the duration of exercise must be lengthened. 
B) The metabolic responsiveness of unfit individuals was extremely low; unfit individuals are unlikely to experience benefits from exercise for at least 30 days after starting an exercise program. 
C) Exercise produced an almost immediate positive metabolic effect in which the strength and duration was proportional to the fitness level; exercise was beneficial to all participants. 
D) Metabolites extracted from the blood of unfit individuals was shown to suppress the level of metabolism of cells growing in tissue culture.

Question 13

An insect devouring a leaf is an example of the second law of thermodynamics in action.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Photosynthesis creates energy and cellular respiration destroys energy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Almost all the chemical reactions that occur in cells are catalyzed by ____________________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Almost all the chemical reactions that occur...

Question 16

Maltase splits the disaccharide maltose into two sugar monomers. Maltose is the ____________________ of maltase.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Maltase splits the disaccharide maltose into two...

Question 17

When ATP breaks into ADP and a phosphate group, energy is given off.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Enzymes are a special class of

Accepted Answer

A) proteins. 
B) nucleotides. 
C) chemical bonds. 
D) hormones. 
A) proteins. 
B) nucleotides. 
C) chemical bonds. 
D) hormones.

Question 19

A catalyst affects the ____________________ at which a chemical reaction occurs, but it is not itself changed during the reaction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A catalyst affects the ____________________ at which...

Question 20

A calorie represents the

Accepted Answer

A) number of grams of fat in a food product. 
B) number of times an enzyme can be reused before it must be replaced. 
C) amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one liter of water by 1°C. 
D) temperature at which a gram of food is completely converted into carbon dioxide. 
A) number of grams of fat in a food product. 
B) number of times an enzyme can be reused before it must be replaced. 
C) amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one liter of water by 1°C. 
D) temperature at which a gram of food is completely converted into carbon dioxide.

Exam 8: Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes

Biosynthetic reactions require many things, including

As a molecule becomes more oxidized, it loses electrons.

Oxygen can be reduced.

In a human cell,

In many organelles, groups of different enzymes are located on membranes in close proximity to each other because

It is possible to predict the amount of energy released during a chemical reaction (as shown in the illustration below)because the _____ law of thermodynamics states that _____.

Which of the following compounds is the least oxidized?

Some kinds of drain cleaners use enzymes rather than strong, more dangerous chemicals. These enzymes must be able to

Chemical reactions can occur without the input of any energy.

Plants and animals use different energy storage molecules, yet they both use the same mechanism to "burn" their stored energy. How can plants and animals both be successful, even though they "burn" different energy storage molecules?

Sugar molecules are more oxidized than carbon dioxide molecules.

Physiologists monitored metabolite concentrations generated during exercise in three groups of individuals (those with poor fitness, average fitness, and exceptional fitness); which statement best summarizes their findings?

An insect devouring a leaf is an example of the second law of thermodynamics in action.

Photosynthesis creates energy and cellular respiration destroys energy.

Almost all the chemical reactions that occur in cells are catalyzed by ____________________ .

Maltase splits the disaccharide maltose into two sugar monomers. Maltose is the ____________________ of maltase.

When ATP breaks into ADP and a phosphate group, energy is given off.

Enzymes are a special class of

A catalyst affects the ____________________ at which a chemical reaction occurs, but it is not itself changed during the reaction.

A calorie represents the

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