Question 1

Which of the following is either consumed or synthesized in virtually every cellular reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) sugars 
B) enzymes 
C) DNA 
D) ATP 
A) sugars 
B) enzymes 
C) DNA 
D) ATP

Question 2

Heat speeds up chemical reactions by

Accepted Answer

A) causing the cell to produce enzymes that lower the activation energy of the reactions. 
B) decreasing the amount of oxygen available for redox reactions. 
C) inhibiting catabolic reactions while promoting anabolic reactions. 
D) causing reactants to collide more often. 
A) causing the cell to produce enzymes that lower the activation energy of the reactions. 
B) decreasing the amount of oxygen available for redox reactions. 
C) inhibiting catabolic reactions while promoting anabolic reactions. 
D) causing reactants to collide more often.

Question 3

Enzymes can catalyze a reaction only if

Accepted Answer

A) they encounter a molecule of ATP. 
B) their active site is sufficiently oxidized. 
C) they have both products in their active site at the same time. 
D) they encounter a substrate that fits their active site. 
A) they encounter a molecule of ATP. 
B) their active site is sufficiently oxidized. 
C) they have both products in their active site at the same time. 
D) they encounter a substrate that fits their active site.

Question 4

The reuse of the same carbon molecules by plants, animals, and their environments through time is known as

Accepted Answer

A) activation energy. 
B) a consumption tree. 
C) carbon cycling. 
D) the third law of thermodynamics. 
A) activation energy. 
B) a consumption tree. 
C) carbon cycling. 
D) the third law of thermodynamics.

Question 5

During photosynthesis, light energy is converted into chemical energy, a type of

Accepted Answer

A) potential energy. 
B) kinetic energy. 
C) heat. 
D) metabolism. 
A) potential energy. 
B) kinetic energy. 
C) heat. 
D) metabolism.

Question 6

When chemical energy is converted into kinetic energy in a biological system, ____________________ [more than all, less than all, or all] of the available energy is converted.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When chemical energy is converted into kinetic...

Question 7

The shape of an enzyme does not affect its activity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The gain of electrons by one atom from another atom is referred to as ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The gain of electrons by one atom...

Question 9

All molecules have a combination of kinetic and potential energy. If an external heat source were used to increase the kinetic energy of a group of molecules, the potential energy of the group would

Accepted Answer

A) decline because the sum of kinetic and potential energy always equals 100 percent. 
B) be unaffected because no changes in the bonding pattern of the molecule had taken place. 
C) also increase because potential and kinetic energy are directly proportional to one another. 
D) It is not possible to predict the result using the information provided. 
A) decline because the sum of kinetic and potential energy always equals 100 percent. 
B) be unaffected because no changes in the bonding pattern of the molecule had taken place. 
C) also increase because potential and kinetic energy are directly proportional to one another. 
D) It is not possible to predict the result using the information provided.

Question 10

If provided with the proper conditions, enzymes recovered from living tissues can be used in cell-free industrial processes; for example,

Accepted Answer

A) the addition of amylases, lipases, and proteases can improve a detergent's ability to remove stains from clothing. 
B) cellulases and pectinases can digest the polysaccharides in fruit juice, producing a clarified product that is more appealing to consumers. 
C) the proteases in pineapple and papaya can tenderize meat by digesting the large fibrous proteins like collagen. 
D) all of the above 
A) the addition of amylases, lipases, and proteases can improve a detergent's ability to remove stains from clothing. 
B) cellulases and pectinases can digest the polysaccharides in fruit juice, producing a clarified product that is more appealing to consumers. 
C) the proteases in pineapple and papaya can tenderize meat by digesting the large fibrous proteins like collagen. 
D) all of the above

Question 11

An enzyme and its substrate find each other by

Accepted Answer

A) chance encounter. 
B) magnetic attraction. 
C) catalysis. 
D) oxidative reactions. 
A) chance encounter. 
B) magnetic attraction. 
C) catalysis. 
D) oxidative reactions.

Question 12

The second law of thermodynamics states that

Accepted Answer

A) metabolic reactions must be balanced. 
B) the flow of energy connects living things to their environments. 
C) energy can be created but not destroyed. 
D) systems tend to become more disorderly. 
A) metabolic reactions must be balanced. 
B) the flow of energy connects living things to their environments. 
C) energy can be created but not destroyed. 
D) systems tend to become more disorderly.

Question 13

When ATP breaks down into ADP and a phosphate group,

Accepted Answer

A) energy is absorbed by ADP and transferred to enzymes. 
B) energy is released and can power cellular activities. 
C) ADP becomes the active site in an enzyme. 
D) the energy in the broken bond is transferred to the phosphate group. 
A) energy is absorbed by ADP and transferred to enzymes. 
B) energy is released and can power cellular activities. 
C) ADP becomes the active site in an enzyme. 
D) the energy in the broken bond is transferred to the phosphate group.

Question 14

The ____________________ of an enzyme is an area with a specialized shape and/or set of chemical properties that allows the enzyme to bind with a particular substrate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ____________________ of an enzyme is an...

Question 15

The compartmentalization present within the mitochondrion improves the efficiency of the ATP production pathway by concentrating the reacting molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

When humans cut down trees for lumber to build permanent structures, what aspect of metabolic cycling is disrupted?

Accepted Answer

A) The oxidation of wood products reduces the amount of photosynthesis that can occur. 
B) The biosynthetic reactions that occur in the lumber cause too much catabolism to occur. 
C) Carbon and other atoms tied up in wooden structures are not being recycled into other living organisms. 
D) The DNA in the wood is unable to obey the first law of thermodynamics. 
A) The oxidation of wood products reduces the amount of photosynthesis that can occur. 
B) The biosynthetic reactions that occur in the lumber cause too much catabolism to occur. 
C) Carbon and other atoms tied up in wooden structures are not being recycled into other living organisms. 
D) The DNA in the wood is unable to obey the first law of thermodynamics.

Question 17

In the figure below, E1, E2, and E3 represent three enzymes in the membrane of a mitochondrion.  
Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) B is the product of the activity of E2 and the substrate of E3. 
B) If E2 does not function properly, A will not be produced. 
C) E2 is the product of E1 and the substrate of E3. 
D) C is the substrate of E1. 
A) B is the product of the activity of E2 and the substrate of E3. 
B) If E2 does not function properly, A will not be produced. 
C) E2 is the product of E1 and the substrate of E3. 
D) C is the substrate of E1.

Question 18

A rotted log indicates that the ____________________ law of thermodynamics has been operating.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A rotted log indicates that the ____________________...

Question 19

The capture and use of energy by living organisms involves numerous chemical reactions. Collectively these processes are known as ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The capture and use of energy by...

Question 20

Enzymes can make otherwise impossible reactions happen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 8: Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes

Which of the following is either consumed or synthesized in virtually every cellular reaction?

Heat speeds up chemical reactions by

Enzymes can catalyze a reaction only if

The reuse of the same carbon molecules by plants, animals, and their environments through time is known as

During photosynthesis, light energy is converted into chemical energy, a type of

When chemical energy is converted into kinetic energy in a biological system, ____________________ [more than all, less than all, or all] of the available energy is converted.

The shape of an enzyme does not affect its activity.

The gain of electrons by one atom from another atom is referred to as ____________________.

All molecules have a combination of kinetic and potential energy. If an external heat source were used to increase the kinetic energy of a group of molecules, the potential energy of the group would

If provided with the proper conditions, enzymes recovered from living tissues can be used in cell-free industrial processes; for example,

An enzyme and its substrate find each other by

The second law of thermodynamics states that

When ATP breaks down into ADP and a phosphate group,

The ____________________ of an enzyme is an area with a specialized shape and/or set of chemical properties that allows the enzyme to bind with a particular substrate.

The compartmentalization present within the mitochondrion improves the efficiency of the ATP production pathway by concentrating the reacting molecules.

When humans cut down trees for lumber to build permanent structures, what aspect of metabolic cycling is disrupted?

In the figure below, E1, E2, and E3 represent three enzymes in the membrane of a mitochondrion. Which of the following is true?

A rotted log indicates that the ____________________ law of thermodynamics has been operating.

The capture and use of energy by living organisms involves numerous chemical reactions. Collectively these processes are known as ____________________.

Enzymes can make otherwise impossible reactions happen.

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

Biological Diversity, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protista, Plantae, and Fungi

Animalia

The Chemistry of Life

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Stem Cells, Cancer, and Human Health

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

Dna and Genes

From Gene to Protein

Dna Technology

How Evolution Works

Evolution of Populations

Speciation and the Origins of Biological Diversity

The Evolutionary History of Life

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems

Global Change

Internal Organization and Homeostasis

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Animal Hormones

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Skeletons, Muscles, and Movement

Defenses Against Disease

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

Filters