Exam 4: Animalia

During cephalization structures associated with ____________________ and____________________ concentrate at the anterior margin of a bilateral animal.

The presence of what features(s)would exclude the cnidarians and ctenophores as possibilities for the identity of a newly discovered animal?

Neighboring plant or fungi cells share a common cell wall, making multicellularity relatively simple; how do animal cells remain connected to one another?

In addition to embryonic similarities the chordates and echinoderms also each possess a hollow nerve cord located on the ____________________ side of the body.

In the diagram below of the flatworm various organs are labeled; which combination of organs forms the flatworm's nervous system?

The myriapods are a relatively small group of arthropods; its most common members are the ____________________ and ____________________.

The similarity in the cell-adhesion proteins seen in many animal embryos and the colonial chanoflagellates is most reasonably explained as a shared derived trait, and indicates kinship with that group of protists.

Biologists might have been able to predict that raising lobsters in captivity would be unsuccessful; once a lobster

Features like a toothed jaw and a bony tail suggest that Archaeopteryx probably did not fly, possibly using its feathers for insulation or gliding instead of flight.

Animal body structures and organ systems differentiate predictably from the various layers of the gastrula; which organ system and layer is properly matched?

Cnidarians have a gastrovascular cavity rather than a complete gut; in what way(s)would this arrangement be less functional?

Mollusks have evolved a variety of defenses; which group is properly matched with its appropriate defensive strategy?

Reptiles display many adaptations supporting a terrestrial lifestyle, but _____ is the most significant in reducing their dependency on an aquatic habitat.

Cephalopods are demonstrably the most intelligent invertebrate animals; most biologists suspect that their _____ best account(s)for their intellectual development.

Rather than mandibles like most arthropods, spiders have fangs, which explains why most spiders

Relative brain size (brain weight/total body weight)tends to be largest in the arboreal mammals.

During the algal blooms called red tides, consumption of bivalves is discouraged and harvesting may be prohibited; what aspect of bivalve life history is responsible for this association?

Conservation biologists estimate that 20 percent of the world's bird species that existed 2,000 years ago are now extinct.

The swim bladder illustrates how an adapted characteristic can be used for a secondary function when environmental pressures change; although first used for buoyancy, it later served as a primitive ____________________.

The vertebrates are grouped into a lineage because all members possess an internal ____________________.