Question 1

What adaptive advantage do the numerous projections shown below in the microphotograph of the foraminiferans, a type of zooplankter, confer?

Accepted Answer

A) predator protection-they are difficult to eat 
B) mobility-the projections function like oars 
C) buoyancy-the projections reduce the rate of sinking 
D) food acquisition-prey items are impaled 
A) predator protection-they are difficult to eat 
B) mobility-the projections function like oars 
C) buoyancy-the projections reduce the rate of sinking 
D) food acquisition-prey items are impaled

Question 2

Flowers are the organs of reproduction in angiosperms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Despite having cell walls like plant cells, this feature is not considered a shared derived trait between the fungi and plants because

Accepted Answer

A) fungal cell walls are incomplete. 
B) chitin rather than cellulose is the primary structural component of a fungal cell wall. 
C) digestive enzyme can be secreted through the cell wall of a hypha. 
D) glycogen rather than glucose is a primary structural component of a fungal cell wall. 
A) fungal cell walls are incomplete. 
B) chitin rather than cellulose is the primary structural component of a fungal cell wall. 
C) digestive enzyme can be secreted through the cell wall of a hypha. 
D) glycogen rather than glucose is a primary structural component of a fungal cell wall.

Question 4

The kingdom Plantae consists of four major groups; the _____ are believed to have been the first to colonize the land.

Accepted Answer

A) angiosperms 
B) ferns 
C) gymnosperm 
D) mosses 
A) angiosperms 
B) ferns 
C) gymnosperm 
D) mosses

Question 5

Cells carry out many chemical processes, some of which produce toxic by-products. If you were designing a cell, which of the following would provide the best method of protecting the cell from its own toxic by-products while allowing it to complete the chemical reactions necessary for life?

Accepted Answer

A) Modify the cell membrane so that the toxin could diffuse to the outside of the cell but not reenter. 
B) Isolate the toxin-producing reactions within an organelle. 
C) Improve the photosynthetic process to produce more energy. 
D) Devise a noncarbon-based cellular chemistry that does not result in toxin production. 
A) Modify the cell membrane so that the toxin could diffuse to the outside of the cell but not reenter. 
B) Isolate the toxin-producing reactions within an organelle. 
C) Improve the photosynthetic process to produce more energy. 
D) Devise a noncarbon-based cellular chemistry that does not result in toxin production.

Question 6

Most protists are motile, using cilia, flagella, or ____________________ for propulsion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most protists are motile, using cilia, flagella,...

Question 7

Many biologists have suggested revising the kingdom Protista. One current problem with the Protista, as shown in the figure below, is that

Accepted Answer

A) protists are single-celled organisms and should be grouped with the bacteria or archaeans. 
B) the cells of protists contain nuclei and organelles. 
C) the current classification model does not reveal that plants evolved from protist ancestors. 
D) the organisms currently grouped as protists do not share a recent common ancestor. 
A) protists are single-celled organisms and should be grouped with the bacteria or archaeans. 
B) the cells of protists contain nuclei and organelles. 
C) the current classification model does not reveal that plants evolved from protist ancestors. 
D) the organisms currently grouped as protists do not share a recent common ancestor.

Question 8

The domain Eukarya is presently subdivided into four kingdoms as shown below, although new information concerning the protists could increase that number.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The ____________________ were the first plant group to evolve a vascular system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ____________________ were the first plant group...

Question 10

In comparison to eukaryotes, prokaryotes are smaller but have a higher surface area to volume ratio; why might this be advantageous?

Accepted Answer

A) The smaller size allows prokaryotes to use smaller food items. 
B) Since they lack internal storage compartments, prokaryotes need to eliminate wastes and secure resources quickly if they are to remain competitive. 
C) The smaller size improves the chances of prokaryotes being overlooked by predatory eukaryotes. 
D) The proportional increase in cell membrane improves the ability of prokaryotes to sense and respond to external stimuli within their environment. 
A) The smaller size allows prokaryotes to use smaller food items. 
B) Since they lack internal storage compartments, prokaryotes need to eliminate wastes and secure resources quickly if they are to remain competitive. 
C) The smaller size improves the chances of prokaryotes being overlooked by predatory eukaryotes. 
D) The proportional increase in cell membrane improves the ability of prokaryotes to sense and respond to external stimuli within their environment.

Question 11

The cuticle predisposed plants for a terrestrial existence by improving water retention.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Until the evolution of gymnosperms, plants were restricted to moist habitats because the preceding plant groups

Accepted Answer

A) produced flagellated sperm cells that needed to swim to the egg. 
B) lacked cuticles. 
C) produced spores that germinated only in water. 
D) had not yet evolved stomata and without them these early plants could not control water loss. 
A) produced flagellated sperm cells that needed to swim to the egg. 
B) lacked cuticles. 
C) produced spores that germinated only in water. 
D) had not yet evolved stomata and without them these early plants could not control water loss.

Question 13

The primary body of a fungus is known as the

Accepted Answer

A) mycelium. 
B) gymnosperm. 
C) mitochondrion. 
D) septum. 
A) mycelium. 
B) gymnosperm. 
C) mitochondrion. 
D) septum.

Question 14

Most plants produce flowers, which greatly improve the probability of ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most plants produce flowers, which greatly improve...

Question 15

Gymnosperms and angiosperms are believed to be more closely related to one another than the other major plant groups because

Accepted Answer

A) they alone possess vascular systems. 
B) both groups produce separate male and female gametes. 
C) they provide their embryos with stored food that can support growth before photosynthesis begins. 
D) both groups protect their seeds within protective structures. 
A) they alone possess vascular systems. 
B) both groups produce separate male and female gametes. 
C) they provide their embryos with stored food that can support growth before photosynthesis begins. 
D) both groups protect their seeds within protective structures.

Question 16

____________________, first seen in the gymnosperms, were a major evolutionary development; they both protect the embryo and provide an initial source of nutrition.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________, first seen in the gymnosperms, were...

Question 17

A variety of bacterial or protozoan heterotrophic microorganisms associate symbiotically with specific fungi to produce a lichen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Without the symbiotic association between plant roots and mycorrhizae the diversity and abundance of animals and fungi would probably be much less.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

On the basis of information presented in the evolutionary tree below, the Ciliates are more closely related to the ____________________ and the ____________________ than any other protist.

Accepted Answer

Dinoflagel

Question 20

Examine the evolutionary tree pictured below.  
One prediction based on the arrangement of protists in the illustration is that the DNA of the

Accepted Answer

A) green algae would share more in common with the plants than with the diplomonads. 
B) ciliates and euglenoids would be more similar to one another than any other protist. 
C) diplomonads would constitute a large percentage of the DNA of all other protists. 
D) All of the above predictions are reasonable. 
A) green algae would share more in common with the plants than with the diplomonads. 
B) ciliates and euglenoids would be more similar to one another than any other protist. 
C) diplomonads would constitute a large percentage of the DNA of all other protists. 
D) All of the above predictions are reasonable.

Exam 3: Protista, Plantae, and Fungi

What adaptive advantage do the numerous projections shown below in the microphotograph of the foraminiferans, a type of zooplankter, confer?

Flowers are the organs of reproduction in angiosperms.

Despite having cell walls like plant cells, this feature is not considered a shared derived trait between the fungi and plants because

The kingdom Plantae consists of four major groups; the _____ are believed to have been the first to colonize the land.

Cells carry out many chemical processes, some of which produce toxic by-products. If you were designing a cell, which of the following would provide the best method of protecting the cell from its own toxic by-products while allowing it to complete the chemical reactions necessary for life?

Most protists are motile, using cilia, flagella, or ____________________ for propulsion.

Many biologists have suggested revising the kingdom Protista. One current problem with the Protista, as shown in the figure below, is that

The domain Eukarya is presently subdivided into four kingdoms as shown below, although new information concerning the protists could increase that number.

The ____________________ were the first plant group to evolve a vascular system.

In comparison to eukaryotes, prokaryotes are smaller but have a higher surface area to volume ratio; why might this be advantageous?

The cuticle predisposed plants for a terrestrial existence by improving water retention.

Until the evolution of gymnosperms, plants were restricted to moist habitats because the preceding plant groups

The primary body of a fungus is known as the

Most plants produce flowers, which greatly improve the probability of ____________________.

Gymnosperms and angiosperms are believed to be more closely related to one another than the other major plant groups because

____________________, first seen in the gymnosperms, were a major evolutionary development; they both protect the embryo and provide an initial source of nutrition.

A variety of bacterial or protozoan heterotrophic microorganisms associate symbiotically with specific fungi to produce a lichen.

Without the symbiotic association between plant roots and mycorrhizae the diversity and abundance of animals and fungi would probably be much less.

On the basis of information presented in the evolutionary tree below, the Ciliates are more closely related to the ____________________ and the ____________________ than any other protist.

Examine the evolutionary tree pictured below. One prediction based on the arrangement of protists in the illustration is that the DNA of the

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

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Animalia

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Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

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Cell Division

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On the basis of information presented in the evolutionary tree below, the Ciliates are more closely related to the and the than any other protist.