Question 1

Speculate on the diversity of life on Earth if plants had never evolved.

Accepted Answer

A) The existence of large multicellular consumers like animals would be unlikely. 
B) Because protists evolved before plants and can derive their energy by consuming bacteria, they could be expected to be common. 
C) Bacterial life would be less diverse than it is presently. 
D) All of the above are reasonable hypotheses. 
A) The existence of large multicellular consumers like animals would be unlikely. 
B) Because protists evolved before plants and can derive their energy by consuming bacteria, they could be expected to be common. 
C) Bacterial life would be less diverse than it is presently. 
D) All of the above are reasonable hypotheses.

Question 2

The modification allowing a plant to detect explosives involves a natural response designed to detect biologically relevant situations like ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The modification allowing a plant to detect...

Question 3

Note the location of the air bladders in the illustration below of the kelp; how might these structures represent an adaptive advantage?

Accepted Answer

A) Kelp can live in deeper water, more distant from the surface, by storing carbon dioxide for future photosynthesis. 
B) The bladders act like root nodules in terrestrial plants, housing the various organisms that convert dissolved nitrogen into forms usable by the kelp. 
C) By acting as floats, the bladders aid in orienting the photosynthetic cells within the blade toward the surface and sunlight. 
D) Waste gases can be stored within the bladders rather than polluting the habitat of the kelp. 
A) Kelp can live in deeper water, more distant from the surface, by storing carbon dioxide for future photosynthesis. 
B) The bladders act like root nodules in terrestrial plants, housing the various organisms that convert dissolved nitrogen into forms usable by the kelp. 
C) By acting as floats, the bladders aid in orienting the photosynthetic cells within the blade toward the surface and sunlight. 
D) Waste gases can be stored within the bladders rather than polluting the habitat of the kelp.

Question 4

Which statement best summarizes the adaptive value of phloem?

Accepted Answer

A) Phloem is specialized for transporting water and dissolved nutrients. 
B) Phloem is specialized for transporting food molecules like sugar. 
C) Phloem forms the root structures that house symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. 
D) None of the above describe phloem. 
A) Phloem is specialized for transporting water and dissolved nutrients. 
B) Phloem is specialized for transporting food molecules like sugar. 
C) Phloem forms the root structures that house symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. 
D) None of the above describe phloem.

Question 5

What capability did the development of a vascular system provide?

Accepted Answer

A) Greater efficiency at capturing energy from sunlight. 
B) Greater efficiency for nutrient transport and structural support. 
C) It permitted plant life to establish on land. 
D) It allowed the developing embryo to remain protected until better growth conditions became available. 
A) Greater efficiency at capturing energy from sunlight. 
B) Greater efficiency for nutrient transport and structural support. 
C) It permitted plant life to establish on land. 
D) It allowed the developing embryo to remain protected until better growth conditions became available.

Question 6

Without angiosperms, bryophyte reproduction would almost entirely cease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Researchers are attempting to develop a plant that will turn from green to white when in the presence of minute amounts of explosives; what plant molecule needs to be removed from the leaf surface for the system to function as intended?

Accepted Answer

A) glycogen 
B) lignin 
C) chlorophyll 
D) rhodophytin 
A) glycogen 
B) lignin 
C) chlorophyll 
D) rhodophytin

Question 8

The evolutionary tree below illustrates the hypothesized relationships among the six kingdoms and the three domains.  
Many biologists have suggested revising the kingdom Protista. One current problem with the protists, as shown in the figure, is that

Accepted Answer

A) protists are single-celled organisms and should be in a separate domain. 
B) the cells of protists contain nuclei and organelles. 
C) some protists, like the red and green algae, are more closely related to plants than to the other protists they are currently grouped with. 
D) chlorophyll would need to evolve independently several times to account for the distribution of photosynthetic groups. 
A) protists are single-celled organisms and should be in a separate domain. 
B) the cells of protists contain nuclei and organelles. 
C) some protists, like the red and green algae, are more closely related to plants than to the other protists they are currently grouped with. 
D) chlorophyll would need to evolve independently several times to account for the distribution of photosynthetic groups.

Question 9

What best explains the differences in shoot weight shown in the graph below?

Accepted Answer

A) Commercial fertilizers often contain harmful contaminants that can suppress growth. 
B) Sterilized growth environments remove competitive bacteria and fungi, allowing plants to experience their best possible growth. 
C) Commercial fertilizers can be tailored to meet the needs of specific plants, producing the best possible growth for that species. 
D) Mycorrhizal fungi not only increase the availability of soil nutrients but often transport them into the plant root. 
A) Commercial fertilizers often contain harmful contaminants that can suppress growth. 
B) Sterilized growth environments remove competitive bacteria and fungi, allowing plants to experience their best possible growth. 
C) Commercial fertilizers can be tailored to meet the needs of specific plants, producing the best possible growth for that species. 
D) Mycorrhizal fungi not only increase the availability of soil nutrients but often transport them into the plant root.

Question 10

In addition to a process similar to binary fission, some eukaryotes can also reproduce asexually by

Accepted Answer

A) hermaphroditism. 
B) releasing gametes. 
C) the formation of zoospores. 
D) all of the above 
A) hermaphroditism. 
B) releasing gametes. 
C) the formation of zoospores. 
D) all of the above

Question 11

Fungi contribute to several important ecosystem services; among the most important is ____________________ organic matter.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fungi contribute to several important ecosystem services;...

Question 12

Sexual reproduction requires the fusion of special cells called ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sexual reproduction requires the fusion of special...

Question 13

Eukaryotes display the earliest version of sexual reproduction, whereby

Accepted Answer

A) separate male and female individuals within the same species mate. 
B) females of one eukaryotes species mate with males of another eukaryotes species. 
C) special cells called gametes fuse together to produce a new individual. 
D) an individual splits into two individuals that then mate with one another. 
A) separate male and female individuals within the same species mate. 
B) females of one eukaryotes species mate with males of another eukaryotes species. 
C) special cells called gametes fuse together to produce a new individual. 
D) an individual splits into two individuals that then mate with one another.

Question 14

Some plants rely on nocturnal bats for pollination rather than insects; in what way might these plants differ from those pollinated by insects?

Accepted Answer

A) The flowers open at night and are closed during the day. 
B) They would have the brightest petal colors. 
C) The stamen would be located at the base of the receptacle. 
D) All of the above are true. 
A) The flowers open at night and are closed during the day. 
B) They would have the brightest petal colors. 
C) The stamen would be located at the base of the receptacle. 
D) All of the above are true.

Question 15

Imagine the discovery of an undescribed nonphotosynthetic multicellular organism. To determine whether it is a(n)_____, you would need to examine it microscopically to determine if its _____.

Accepted Answer

A) animal or fungi; cells have cell walls 
B) animal or plant; cells have nuclei 
C) plant or fungi; cells have cell walls 
D) animal or fungi; cells contain DNA 
A) animal or fungi; cells have cell walls 
B) animal or plant; cells have nuclei 
C) plant or fungi; cells have cell walls 
D) animal or fungi; cells contain DNA

Question 16

The majority of protists are motile, enabling heterotrophic species to locate organic resources and autotrophic species to orient to sunlight.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The single-celled protists are often mobile, moving within the environment by means of

Accepted Answer

A) pseudopodia. 
B) cilia. 
C) flagella. 
D) all of the above 
A) pseudopodia. 
B) cilia. 
C) flagella. 
D) all of the above

Question 18

Which statement best summarizes the adaptive value of xylem?

Accepted Answer

A) Xylem is specialized for transporting food molecules like sugar. 
B) Xylem is the reinforcing protein that in combination with cellulose allows plants to grow vertically. 
C) Xylem cells open and close to admit carbon dioxide into the leaf during photosynthesis. 
D) Xylem is specialized for transporting water and dissolved nutrients. 
A) Xylem is specialized for transporting food molecules like sugar. 
B) Xylem is the reinforcing protein that in combination with cellulose allows plants to grow vertically. 
C) Xylem cells open and close to admit carbon dioxide into the leaf during photosynthesis. 
D) Xylem is specialized for transporting water and dissolved nutrients.

Question 19

One reason plants can live on land is because they have developed a ____________________, which facilitates the distribution of water and nutrients obtained from the soil.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One reason plants can live on land...

Question 20

Sexual reproduction can be observed in all the Eukaryan kingdoms, although not in all Eukaryan species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 3: Protista, Plantae, and Fungi

Speculate on the diversity of life on Earth if plants had never evolved.

The modification allowing a plant to detect explosives involves a natural response designed to detect biologically relevant situations like ____________________.

Note the location of the air bladders in the illustration below of the kelp; how might these structures represent an adaptive advantage?

Which statement best summarizes the adaptive value of phloem?

What capability did the development of a vascular system provide?

Without angiosperms, bryophyte reproduction would almost entirely cease.

Researchers are attempting to develop a plant that will turn from green to white when in the presence of minute amounts of explosives; what plant molecule needs to be removed from the leaf surface for the system to function as intended?

The evolutionary tree below illustrates the hypothesized relationships among the six kingdoms and the three domains. Many biologists have suggested revising the kingdom Protista. One current problem with the protists, as shown in the figure, is that

What best explains the differences in shoot weight shown in the graph below?

In addition to a process similar to binary fission, some eukaryotes can also reproduce asexually by

Fungi contribute to several important ecosystem services; among the most important is ____________________ organic matter.

Sexual reproduction requires the fusion of special cells called ____________________.

Eukaryotes display the earliest version of sexual reproduction, whereby

Some plants rely on nocturnal bats for pollination rather than insects; in what way might these plants differ from those pollinated by insects?

Imagine the discovery of an undescribed nonphotosynthetic multicellular organism. To determine whether it is a(n)_____, you would need to examine it microscopically to determine if its _____.

The majority of protists are motile, enabling heterotrophic species to locate organic resources and autotrophic species to orient to sunlight.

The single-celled protists are often mobile, moving within the environment by means of

Which statement best summarizes the adaptive value of xylem?

One reason plants can live on land is because they have developed a ____________________, which facilitates the distribution of water and nutrients obtained from the soil.

Sexual reproduction can be observed in all the Eukaryan kingdoms, although not in all Eukaryan species.

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

Biological Diversity, Bacteria, and Archaea

Animalia

The Chemistry of Life

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Stem Cells, Cancer, and Human Health

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

Dna and Genes

From Gene to Protein

Dna Technology

How Evolution Works

Evolution of Populations

Speciation and the Origins of Biological Diversity

The Evolutionary History of Life

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems

Global Change

Internal Organization and Homeostasis

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Animal Hormones

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Skeletons, Muscles, and Movement

Defenses Against Disease

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Plant Structure, Nutrition, and Transport

Plant Growth and Reproduction

Filters

Imagine the discovery of an undescribed nonphotosynthetic multicellular organism. To determine whether it is a(n)_, you would need to examine it microscopically to determine if its _.