Exam 4: Development

Bipolar disorder used to be called manic depressive disorder. The seriousness of this mental illness leads one to dangerous behaviors such as suicide. Less severe cases tend to damage personal relationships and careers. It is characterized by high and low mood swings that move from mania to depression. How is mania described?

Michael has felt sad and low many times for brief periods of time. Lately, intense feelings of helplessness, hopelessness, and worthlessness have been lasting for weeks. Experiencing at least five symptoms of this disorder may give one what diagnosis?

When we are faced with a physical threat that can result in serious harm or death, the "fight or flight" response is activated. This causes one to defend themselves or run away to escape injury. This same response is felt when problems complicate our lives in a non-physical manner. The loss of a job is a good example. The mind is motivated to resolve the problem and this is called what?

Calvin is an 8-year-old child who has difficulty with involuntary movements and vocalizations. He will stamp his feet while echoing what others say. Calvin has very little control over his behaviors and symptoms appear to be increasing with age. The child needs to complete a series of foot stampings before he seems to calm down and relax. These symptoms mimic what kind of disorder?

Erik Erikson was best known for his theories on the social development of human beings. His theories describe the eight stages required for a healthy human to develop from infancy to late adulthood. Which answer below describes the 4^th stage?

There are psychotherapeutic approaches aimed at solving problems concerning dysfunctional emotions such as post traumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and clinical depression. Technique-driven and direct treatments are given for specific psychological disorders. Therapy can be given individually or in a group setting with self-help methods. What is this treatment program called?

Some individuals suffer from a disorder that is characterized by extreme mood swings. Manic behaviors that may be damaging to a person's health will suddenly change to a manner of depression. This is a complex disease to diagnose since moods can last for weeks or months. What is the disorder being described?

Tourette syndrome is not the direct physiological effects of a substance or a medical condition. The age of onset is usually between 7 and 10 years of age, with some children showing signs at an earlier age. Research indicates that 200,000 Americans have the most severe form of Tourette syndrome and one in one hundred have a milder version. What are the characterizations of this disorder?

An unstable family relationship has caused Amber to have an overwhelming feeling of low self-esteem. She feels coping with her problems and managing stress requires her to take control of something. With this thought in mind, Amber tends to focus on her body. To master her emotions, she must achieve the ideal thinness to find happiness. What disorder is being described?

Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capabilities to organize and put into action prospective situations. Bandura described these ideas as determinants of how people behave, feel, and think. An individual's self-efficacy plays a role in how goals and challenges are approached. Which of the descriptors below addresses people with weak self-efficacy?

The Johnson family recently lost their home when the head of household was laid off from a high-income job. Bills have accumulated and food is being purchased by credit cards that are almost to their maximum limits. Stress levels of both parents are starting to have an effect on the children's schooling. What social support is most beneficial at this time?

Mothers who are responsive to their infant's needs establish a sense of security and the baby knows the parent is dependable. This allows the base for a child to explore and feel safe. Caregivers have a huge impact that continues throughout life. John Bowlby first described this theory and named it what?

Today's society and media promotes the ideal body as being extremely thin. This supports the idea that people should have a slender physique to be recognized or liked. Individuals who have low self-esteem believe these notions to be true. They believe gaining control of their emotions requires extreme techniques for losing weight. What are symptoms of an eating disorder?

Lydia's father has never had a great memory when it comes to intricate details, but lately she is noticing more of a loss. Five years ago, he was diagnosed with a slight case of dementia. Lately, her father is demonstrating confusion and other major changes in his way of thinking. Testing from his doctor confirms that brain cells are failing and he is diagnosed with what disorder?

Older teens and young adults self-report symptoms of this serious mental illness, usually before the age of 19. Contributory factors include environment, genetics, and psychological and social processes. Symptoms appear as auditory hallucinations, bizarre delusions, paranoia, and disorganized speech. This disorder mainly affects cognition, but also contributes to emotional and behavioral problems. What illness is being described?

Anxiety is described as a response to complications that affect our everyday lives. Examples would be a pending divorce, losing a job, or a child failing school. These are considered psychological triggers that motivate us to try and resolve the problem. When does anxiety go from a normal stage to a severe problem?

Strategies used to cope with anxiety can be overused, causing them to take on the appearance of needs. Karen Horney developed a well-known theory that results from basic anxiety caused by interpersonal relationships: indifference, erratic behavior, direct or indirect domination, lack of respect, disparaging attitudes, lack of guidance, absence of admiration, lack of reliable warmth, having to take sides in an argument, too much or too little responsibility, injustice, discrimination, over-protection, isolation, unkept promises, and hostile environment. This theory is called what?

This disorder was a mystery for years and not classified as a disorder until recently. Doctors have realized the severity of the problem and recommend therapy that will eliminate the problem. Symptoms of headaches, sore throats, swollen lymph nodes, muscle pain, memory loss, and extreme exhaustion are quite common with this disorder.

A disorder that is becoming quite common in today's society affects relationships and work with its long-term chronic patterns. Symptoms include intolerance of being alone, frequent episodes of inappropriate anger, self-injury, and a feeling of emptiness. Individuals with this problem demonstrate impulsiveness with substance abuse, money, shoplifting, and sexual relationships.

Basic needs for love and esteem that are given on a consistent basis nourish a happy child. When these needs are not met, children suffer emotionally. Maslow refers to this as: