Exam 4: Stress, Emotion, and Coping in Sport and Exercise

Which of the following would be considered a micro-level coping strategy?

According to Lazarus (1999), cognitive and behavioural efforts to manage specific external or internal demands that are appraised as taxing or exceeding the person's resources is known as ________.

Which theory states that differences in stress are primarily the result of the different roles men and women play in society as opposed to any inherent gender differences?

You have been called as a sport psychology consultant to meet with a team of baseball players. The coach tells you that a few of the athletes on the team are extremely emotional and get angry and upset when they don't do well, or when the team doesn't do well. The coach has noticed that when these athletes start to get angry, the mood of the team takes a turn for the worse very quickly, and it is affecting the team's performance and the athletes' relationships with their teammates. The coach tells you that so far he's tried to let the athletes have their space and try to figure it out for themselves, but his approach is not working and the problems seem to be getting worse. What are two key concepts you would tell the coach and the team to educate them about social environmental factors influencing emotions within the team?

Describe the distinction between cognitive appraisals that represent the various forms of stress, including (a) harm/loss, (b) threat, and (c) challenge; and provide one example of each type for each of (i) sport and (ii) exercise.

Which of the following stressors was found from Holt and Hogg's (2002) research with the women's national soccer team during preparation for the 1999 World Cup finals?

Which of the following would be considered a non-competitive, expected stressor?

Which of the following athletes is least likely to benefit from expressive writing as a way to help them manage stress in sport?

What is an external event or situation that has the potential to be interpreted as stressful known as?

Lazarus argues that a focus on emotions will be more useful than the general concept of stress. A weakness in this argument is that he only describes the core relational themes for negative emotions.

A university athlete who experiences stress over not being able to play Canadian Interuniversity Sport because she already used up her eligibility is experiencing which type of psychological experience as a result of the cognitive appraisal process?

Distinguish between the concepts of primary and secondary appraisal in the experience of stress.

Which of the following should best be considered an outcome of coping, but not coping itself?

Which of the following conclusions best represents the current research findings on the effects of task-oriented and problem-focused coping?

Depending on the person and the situation, even such strategies as a dropping out from sport or stopping exercise can be effective as a way to prevent excessive long-term stress and burnout.

Which of the following would be considered a primary appraisal in the stress process?

Coping attempts that are organized, flexible, and constructive are sometimes referred to as ________.

When approaching a major swim competition, Kristina and Mike both become irritable and anxious about the event. Kristina seems open to talking about her stress and seeking support from coach and her teammates, but Mike doesn't talk to others and instead he seems to withdraw from others and keep to himself. Based on the gender socialization hypothesis, what is a possible reason why Mike and Kristina cope differently in the days leading up to a competition? Be sure to define the gender socialization hypothesis in your answer.

Which of the following is not one of the three components of self-compassion?

Andrew is a competitive junior hockey player who loves to play hockey, but he is frequently stressed about long travel distances to play in tournaments, dealing with the media, and not spending enough time with his family or friends. What type of stressors is Andrew dealing with?