Question 1

Ebola virus is an example of a ________ virus

Accepted Answer

A)  non-enveloped DNA containing 
B)  enveloped DNA containing 
C)  non-enveloped RNA containing 
D)  enveloped RNA containing 
E)  none of these 
A)  non-enveloped DNA containing 
B)  enveloped DNA containing 
C)  non-enveloped RNA containing 
D)  enveloped RNA containing 
E)  none of these

Question 2

Which of the following does not arise from a defect in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Allergies. 
B)  Sugar intolerance. 
C)  Autoimmune diseases. 
D)  Immunodeficiency. 
E)  All of these can be caused by defects in the immune system. 
A)  Allergies. 
B)  Sugar intolerance. 
C)  Autoimmune diseases. 
D)  Immunodeficiency. 
E)  All of these can be caused by defects in the immune system.

Question 3

Which of the following cells actually makes antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A)  T cells. 
B)  B cells. 
C)  NK cells. 
D)  Dendritic cells. 
A)  T cells. 
B)  B cells. 
C)  NK cells. 
D)  Dendritic cells.

Question 4

Which of the following descriptions of T cells is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They produce interleukins. 
B)  They display MHCs. 
C)  They produce antibodies. 
D)  They act as either helper or killer cells. 
E)  They carry out all these functions. 
A)  They produce interleukins. 
B)  They display MHCs. 
C)  They produce antibodies. 
D)  They act as either helper or killer cells. 
E)  They carry out all these functions.

Question 5

Which of the following cell types kills cells that have been infected by viruses or that are cancerous?

Accepted Answer

A)  NK cells 
B)  dendritic cells 
C)  T cells 
D)  B cells 
A)  NK cells 
B)  dendritic cells 
C)  T cells 
D)  B cells

Question 6

The capsid of a virus is composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA or RNA. 
B)  protein. 
C)  lipid. 
D)  carbohydrate. 
A)  DNA or RNA. 
B)  protein. 
C)  lipid. 
D)  carbohydrate.

Question 7

What happens to the DNA copy of the retroviral RNA genome after it is produced?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is incorporated into the host's DNA. 
B)  It is transcribed to produce mRNAs. 
C)  It is wrapped in a capsid for export from the cell. 
D)  It is replicated as a plasmid. 
A)  It is incorporated into the host's DNA. 
B)  It is transcribed to produce mRNAs. 
C)  It is wrapped in a capsid for export from the cell. 
D)  It is replicated as a plasmid.

Question 8

Herpes viruses are examples of _______ viruses.

Accepted Answer

A)  non-enveloped DNA containing 
B)  enveloped DNA containing 
C)  enveloped RNA containing 
D)  non-enveloped RNA containing 
E)  none of these 
A)  non-enveloped DNA containing 
B)  enveloped DNA containing 
C)  enveloped RNA containing 
D)  non-enveloped RNA containing 
E)  none of these

Question 9

A viral genome is

Accepted Answer

A)  always double-stranded. 
B)  always single-stranded. 
C)  may be double or single stranded. 
D)  always made of DNA 
E)  always made of RNA 
A)  always double-stranded. 
B)  always single-stranded. 
C)  may be double or single stranded. 
D)  always made of DNA 
E)  always made of RNA

Question 10

The most successful use of gene therapy in humans so far involves the disease ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cystic fibrosis 
B)  diabetes 
C)  severe combined immunodeficiency 
D)  muscular dystrophy 
E)  none of these have had any success 
A)  cystic fibrosis 
B)  diabetes 
C)  severe combined immunodeficiency 
D)  muscular dystrophy 
E)  none of these have had any success

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of reverse transcriptase?

Accepted Answer

A)  It's involved in viral attachment to a host cell. 
B)  It uses an RNA template to make a double-stranded DNA. 
C)  It uses DNA to synthesize an RNA in the 3' → 5' direction. 
D)  It joins the gene segments that code for antibodies. 
A)  It's involved in viral attachment to a host cell. 
B)  It uses an RNA template to make a double-stranded DNA. 
C)  It uses DNA to synthesize an RNA in the 3' → 5' direction. 
D)  It joins the gene segments that code for antibodies.

Question 12

Which of the following is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)  vaccination is the same as immunization 
B)  vaccination was originally a derisive term used by the French 
C)  vaccination always uses heat killed viruses 
D)  Edward Jenner used cowpox as a model for developing a vaccine 
E)  Edward Jenner's experiments would be illegal today 
A)  vaccination is the same as immunization 
B)  vaccination was originally a derisive term used by the French 
C)  vaccination always uses heat killed viruses 
D)  Edward Jenner used cowpox as a model for developing a vaccine 
E)  Edward Jenner's experiments would be illegal today

Question 13

Antibodies are the most variable protein sequences in the human body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What is the function of protein spikes on a virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  They protect the genome. 
B)  They are involved with incorporation of the genome into that of host (lysogeny). 
C)  They transcribe the RNA genome into a DNA copy. 
D)  They help the virus attach to the host. 
A)  They protect the genome. 
B)  They are involved with incorporation of the genome into that of host (lysogeny). 
C)  They transcribe the RNA genome into a DNA copy. 
D)  They help the virus attach to the host.

Question 15

Which of the following is not related to ex vivo gene therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  gag genes 
B)  pol genes 
C)  MMLV 
D)  adenovirus 
E)  expression cassettes 
A)  gag genes 
B)  pol genes 
C)  MMLV 
D)  adenovirus 
E)  expression cassettes

Question 16

Which of the following contributes to the variability of the immunoglobulins?

Accepted Answer

A)  A variety of different DNA sequences are physically attached together to generate a huge number of different antibody genes. 
B)  The linking regions between these DNA sequences are also highly variable. 
C)  The synthesis of mRNA in the antibody cells is very variable, producing many different proteins from one gene. 
D)  There are several hundred to one thousand different genes for the variable part of the antibody sequence. 
E)  All of these mechanisms contribute to the variety of antibodies in the immune system. 
A)  A variety of different DNA sequences are physically attached together to generate a huge number of different antibody genes. 
B)  The linking regions between these DNA sequences are also highly variable. 
C)  The synthesis of mRNA in the antibody cells is very variable, producing many different proteins from one gene. 
D)  There are several hundred to one thousand different genes for the variable part of the antibody sequence. 
E)  All of these mechanisms contribute to the variety of antibodies in the immune system.

Question 17

The large-T protein of SV40 is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  epitope. 
B)  spike protein. 
C)  oncogene. 
D)  receptor. 
A)  epitope. 
B)  spike protein. 
C)  oncogene. 
D)  receptor.

Question 18

The term antibody is essentially interchangeable with

Accepted Answer

A)  immunoglobulin. 
B)  reverse transcriptase. 
C)  allergen. 
D)  vaccine. 
A)  immunoglobulin. 
B)  reverse transcriptase. 
C)  allergen. 
D)  vaccine.

Question 19

Which of the following is not a reason that AIDS has been difficult to erradicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is slow acting 
B)  the HIV reverse transcriptase is inaccurate 
C)  the gp120 protein makes a conformational change when it binds to the CD4 receptor causing antibodies to be ineffective 
D)  HIV evades the innate immune system 
E)  it gives the infected individual multiple symptoms within weeks of infection 
A)  It is slow acting 
B)  the HIV reverse transcriptase is inaccurate 
C)  the gp120 protein makes a conformational change when it binds to the CD4 receptor causing antibodies to be ineffective 
D)  HIV evades the innate immune system 
E)  it gives the infected individual multiple symptoms within weeks of infection

Question 20

Viruses can be genetically engineered to specifically target cancer cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 14: Viruses, Cancer, and Immunology

Ebola virus is an example of a ________ virus

Which of the following does not arise from a defect in the immune system?

Which of the following cells actually makes antibodies?

Which of the following descriptions of T cells is true?

Which of the following cell types kills cells that have been infected by viruses or that are cancerous?

The capsid of a virus is composed of

What happens to the DNA copy of the retroviral RNA genome after it is produced?

Herpes viruses are examples of _______ viruses.

A viral genome is

The most successful use of gene therapy in humans so far involves the disease ____.

Which of the following best describes the function of reverse transcriptase?

Which of the following is not true?

Antibodies are the most variable protein sequences in the human body.

What is the function of protein spikes on a virus?

Which of the following is not related to ex vivo gene therapy?

Which of the following contributes to the variability of the immunoglobulins?

The large-T protein of SV40 is an example of a(n)

The term antibody is essentially interchangeable with

Which of the following is not a reason that AIDS has been difficult to erradicate?

Viruses can be genetically engineered to specifically target cancer cells.

Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells

Water: the Solvent for Biochemical Reactions

Amino Acids and Peptides

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Purification and Characterization Techniques

The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes

The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes, Mechanisms, and Control

Lipids and Proteins Are Associated in Biological Membranes

Nucleic Acids: How Structure Conveys Information

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids: Replication

Transcription of the Genetic Code: Biosynthesis of RNA

Protein Synthesis: Translation of the Genetic Message

Nucleic Acid Biotechnology Techniques

The Importance of Energy Changes and Electron Transfer in Metabolism

Carbohydrates

Glycolysis

Storage Mechanisms and Control in Carbohydrate Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Lipid Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Metabolism of Nitrogen

Integration of Metabolism: Cellular Signaling

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