Question 1

Action research could be defined as:

Accepted Answer

A) The application of the scientific. method of fact-finding and experimentation to practical problems awaiting solutions 
B) The application of the scientific. method of fact-finding and experimentation to initiatives taken by the researchers themselves 
C) The transformation of information taken from documents into new research projects 
D) None of the other alternatives presented here 
A) The application of the scientific. method of fact-finding and experimentation to practical problems awaiting solutions 
B) The application of the scientific. method of fact-finding and experimentation to initiatives taken by the researchers themselves 
C) The transformation of information taken from documents into new research projects 
D) None of the other alternatives presented here A

Question 2

The focus of organizational psychology is on:

Accepted Answer

A) Occupational stress and employee well-being 
B) People's relationship with their working environment 
C) Individual, group, organizational development, and occupational psychology techniques 
D) Time and motion study and work measurement 
A) Occupational stress and employee well-being 
B) People's relationship with their working environment 
C) Individual, group, organizational development, and occupational psychology techniques 
D) Time and motion study and work measurement C

Question 3

Which of the following belongs to the concept of bureaucracy?

Accepted Answer

A) Technical competence 
B) All of the other alternatives presented here 
C) Rules and procedures 
D) Division of labour 
A) Technical competence 
B) All of the other alternatives presented here 
C) Rules and procedures 
D) Division of labour B

Question 4

The Hawthorne studies combined the following two radical approaches from previ-ous industrial psychology:

Accepted Answer

A) Shift to the socio-emotional model and a focus on the improvement of working conditions 
B) Shift to the psycho-physiological model and an experimental approach with the body as the object of study 
C) Shift to the socio-emotional model of the worker and an experimental approach with attitudes as the intervening variable between situation and response 
D) Shift to the psycho-physiological model and a focus on the improvement of working conditions 
A) Shift to the socio-emotional model and a focus on the improvement of working conditions 
B) Shift to the psycho-physiological model and an experimental approach with the body as the object of study 
C) Shift to the socio-emotional model of the worker and an experimental approach with attitudes as the intervening variable between situation and response 
D) Shift to the psycho-physiological model and a focus on the improvement of working conditions

Question 5

Experiments are conducted in:

Accepted Answer

A) The laboratory 
B) The field 
C) Both the field and the laboratory 
D) Neither the field nor the laboratory 
A) The laboratory 
B) The field 
C) Both the field and the laboratory 
D) Neither the field nor the laboratory

Question 6

The cognitive approach is most closely related to:

Accepted Answer

A) The behaviourist approach 
B) The phenomenological approach 
C) The psychoanalytical approach 
D) The biological approach 
A) The behaviourist approach 
B) The phenomenological approach 
C) The psychoanalytical approach 
D) The biological approach

Question 7

Early approaches in organizational psychology are:

Accepted Answer

A) Scientific. management, systems approach, and principles of organization 
B) Scientific. management, classical bureaucracy, and principles of organization 
C) Scientific. management, human relations movement, contingency approach 
D) Classical bureaucracy, systems approach, and principles of organization 
A) Scientific. management, systems approach, and principles of organization 
B) Scientific. management, classical bureaucracy, and principles of organization 
C) Scientific. management, human relations movement, contingency approach 
D) Classical bureaucracy, systems approach, and principles of organization

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of the principles of organization put forward by authors such as Fayol and Urwick?

Accepted Answer

A) Definition 
B) Authority and responsibility 
C) Unity of command and direction 
D) All of the other alternatives presented here 
A) Definition 
B) Authority and responsibility 
C) Unity of command and direction 
D) All of the other alternatives presented here

Question 9

Which of the following continues to be the most prominent school of thought in scientific psychology?

Accepted Answer

A) The phenomenological school 
B) The classical school 
C) The psychoanalytical school 
D) The cognitive school 
A) The phenomenological school 
B) The classical school 
C) The psychoanalytical school 
D) The cognitive school

Question 10

Which of the following is not a key landmark in the development of organizational psychology and behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A) Organizational analysis 
B) Systems approach 
C) Contingency approach 
D) Principles of organization 
A) Organizational analysis 
B) Systems approach 
C) Contingency approach 
D) Principles of organization

Question 11

The major perspectives within psychological thought can be classified as:

Accepted Answer

A) The phenomenological approach, the psychoanalytical approach, the cognitive approach, and the behaviourist approach 
B) The phenomenological approach, the psychoanalytical approach, the biological approach, and the behaviourist approach 
C)  The psychoanalytical approach, the human relations approach, the cognitive approach, and the behaviourist approach 
D) The classical approach, the psychoanalytical approach, the cognitive approach, and the behaviourist approach 
A) The phenomenological approach, the psychoanalytical approach, the cognitive approach, and the behaviourist approach 
B) The phenomenological approach, the psychoanalytical approach, the biological approach, and the behaviourist approach 
C)  The psychoanalytical approach, the human relations approach, the cognitive approach, and the behaviourist approach 
D) The classical approach, the psychoanalytical approach, the cognitive approach, and the behaviourist approach

Question 12

Which approach to psychology is the most appropriate when analysing unconscious forces in the minds of key players in a hostile takeover situation whereby one com-pany makes a bid for another?

Accepted Answer

A) The behaviourist approach 
B) The phenomenological approach 
C) The psychoanalytical approach 
D) The biological approach 
A) The behaviourist approach 
B) The phenomenological approach 
C) The psychoanalytical approach 
D) The biological approach

Question 13

The neo-human relations movement differs from the human relations movement in:

Accepted Answer

A) The idea that an organization continually adapts to and influences its environment 
B) That it takes into account the need for a common outlook for superiors and subordinates 
C) Its acceptance that the structure of the organization is dependent upon the situation in which each organization finds itself 
D) Its more scientific analysis of organizational functioning 
A) The idea that an organization continually adapts to and influences its environment 
B) That it takes into account the need for a common outlook for superiors and subordinates 
C) Its acceptance that the structure of the organization is dependent upon the situation in which each organization finds itself 
D) Its more scientific analysis of organizational functioning

Question 14

In an experiment:

Accepted Answer

A) The dependent variable is under the control of the researcher 
B) The independent variable is under the control of the researcher 
C) Both the independent and dependent variable are under the control of the researcher 
D) The major principle is that of operant conditioning 
A) The dependent variable is under the control of the researcher 
B) The independent variable is under the control of the researcher 
C) Both the independent and dependent variable are under the control of the researcher 
D) The major principle is that of operant conditioning

Question 15

The Hawthorne effect refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) The increase of workers' productivity because of a close collaboration with management 
B) Change in workers' behaviour by the mere fact that they are being observed 
C) The change of workers' behaviour due to socialization in the workplace 
D) The continuous increase of workers' productivity following improvements in the working environment 
A) The increase of workers' productivity because of a close collaboration with management 
B) Change in workers' behaviour by the mere fact that they are being observed 
C) The change of workers' behaviour due to socialization in the workplace 
D) The continuous increase of workers' productivity following improvements in the working environment

Question 16

The scientific method is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A) Definition and control of the variables used in the research, data analysis, replica-tion, and hypothesis testing 
B) Dependent and independent variables, data analysis, experimentation, and hypoth-esis testing 
C) Reliability, replication, quantification, and hypothesis testing 
D) Definition and control of the variables used in the research, data analysis, experi-mentation, and hypothesis testing 
A) Definition and control of the variables used in the research, data analysis, replica-tion, and hypothesis testing 
B) Dependent and independent variables, data analysis, experimentation, and hypoth-esis testing 
C) Reliability, replication, quantification, and hypothesis testing 
D) Definition and control of the variables used in the research, data analysis, experi-mentation, and hypothesis testing

Question 17

External validity concerns:

Accepted Answer

A) The extent to which laboratory experiments can be replicated in field experiments 
B) The extent to which the independent variable influences the dependent variable 
C) The extent to which research findings can be generalized beyond the specific con-fines of the setting in which the study took place 
D) The extent to which research findings match findings of previous research 
A) The extent to which laboratory experiments can be replicated in field experiments 
B) The extent to which the independent variable influences the dependent variable 
C) The extent to which research findings can be generalized beyond the specific con-fines of the setting in which the study took place 
D) The extent to which research findings match findings of previous research

Question 18

Scientific management was spearheaded by:

Accepted Answer

A) Fayol and Urwick 
B) Weber 
C) Taylor, Gilbreth, and Gantt 
D) Elton Mayo 
A) Fayol and Urwick 
B) Weber 
C) Taylor, Gilbreth, and Gantt 
D) Elton Mayo

Question 19

The following research method is not of an explanatory nature:

Accepted Answer

A) An observational study 
B) An experiment 
C) A case study 
D) A descriptive survey 
A) An observational study 
B) An experiment 
C) A case study 
D) A descriptive survey

Question 20

In the design of a research project within an organization, the case study approach involves:

Accepted Answer

A) Using experimental and control groups, as was the case with the Hawthorne experiments 
B) Measurement that takes place before and after a change to the independent variable 
C) Probing in some detail the activities or behaviour of individuals or groups 
D) All of the other alternatives presented here 
A) Using experimental and control groups, as was the case with the Hawthorne experiments 
B) Measurement that takes place before and after a change to the independent variable 
C) Probing in some detail the activities or behaviour of individuals or groups 
D) All of the other alternatives presented here

Action research could be defined as:

The focus of organizational psychology is on:

Which of the following belongs to the concept of bureaucracy?

The Hawthorne studies combined the following two radical approaches from previ-ous industrial psychology:

Experiments are conducted in:

The cognitive approach is most closely related to:

Early approaches in organizational psychology are:

Which of the following is an example of the principles of organization put forward by authors such as Fayol and Urwick?

Which of the following continues to be the most prominent school of thought in scientific psychology?

Which of the following is not a key landmark in the development of organizational psychology and behaviour?

The major perspectives within psychological thought can be classified as:

Which approach to psychology is the most appropriate when analysing unconscious forces in the minds of key players in a hostile takeover situation whereby one com-pany makes a bid for another?

The neo-human relations movement differs from the human relations movement in:

In an experiment:

The Hawthorne effect refers to:

The scientific method is characterized by:

External validity concerns:

Scientific management was spearheaded by:

The following research method is not of an explanatory nature:

In the design of a research project within an organization, the case study approach involves:

Personality and Intelligence

Psychological Testing, Selection, and Appraisal

Motivation, Job Design, and Extrinsic Rewards

Perception and Communication

Learning, Memory, and Training

Individual Decision Making and Creativity

Attitudes, Values, Job Satisfaction, and Commitment

Groups

Team Building

Leadership and Management Style

Power, Politics, and Conflict

Organizational Structure and Design

Organizational Culture

Organizational Change and Development

Health and Work: Stress

Filters

Exam 1: Historical Influences and Research Methodology

Action research could be defined as:

The focus of organizational psychology is on:

Which of the following belongs to the concept of bureaucracy?

The Hawthorne studies combined the following two radical approaches from previ-ous industrial psychology:

Experiments are conducted in:

The cognitive approach is most closely related to:

Early approaches in organizational psychology are:

Which of the following is an example of the principles of organization put forward by authors such as Fayol and Urwick?

Which of the following continues to be the most prominent school of thought in scientific psychology?

Which of the following is not a key landmark in the development of organizational psychology and behaviour?

The major perspectives within psychological thought can be classified as:

Which approach to psychology is the most appropriate when analysing unconscious forces in the minds of key players in a hostile takeover situation whereby one com-pany makes a bid for another?

The neo-human relations movement differs from the human relations movement in:

In an experiment:

The Hawthorne effect refers to:

The scientific method is characterized by:

External validity concerns:

Scientific management was spearheaded by:

The following research method is not of an explanatory nature:

In the design of a research project within an organization, the case study approach involves:

Personality and Intelligence

Psychological Testing, Selection, and Appraisal

Motivation, Job Design, and Extrinsic Rewards

Perception and Communication

Learning, Memory, and Training

Individual Decision Making and Creativity

Attitudes, Values, Job Satisfaction, and Commitment

Groups

Team Building

Leadership and Management Style

Power, Politics, and Conflict

Organizational Structure and Design

Organizational Culture

Organizational Change and Development

Health and Work: Stress

Filters