Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a gratification commonly suggested by uses-and-gratifications research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Entertainment 
B)  Self-expression 
C)  Support of social interaction 
D)  Escape from daily life stresses 
A)  Entertainment 
B)  Self-expression 
C)  Support of social interaction 
D)  Escape from daily life stresses B

Question 2

According to Arnett's (1995) theory of self-socialization…

Accepted Answer

A)  Teens choose media to learn about social roles, based on their own inclinations. 
B)  Media use is an effective way for people to feel better about themselves 
C)  Media users lean from the media which opinions are ok to express in public. 
D)  Media is one way people can escape form daily life stresses and cultural expectations. 
A)  Teens choose media to learn about social roles, based on their own inclinations. 
B)  Media use is an effective way for people to feel better about themselves 
C)  Media users lean from the media which opinions are ok to express in public. 
D)  Media is one way people can escape form daily life stresses and cultural expectations. A

Question 3

Reinforcing spirals leads to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased hostility towards one's outgroups 
B)  Increased extremism 
C)  Decreased identification with one's ingroup 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Decreased hostility towards one's outgroups 
B)  Increased extremism 
C)  Decreased identification with one's ingroup 
D)  All of the above B

Question 4

Which of the follow is not a main criticism of uses and gratifications research?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has little predictive value 
B)  The methods are based on self-report surveys 
C)  All of the above are criticisms of uses and gratifications research 
D)  None of the above are criticisms of uses and gratifications research 
A)  It has little predictive value 
B)  The methods are based on self-report surveys 
C)  All of the above are criticisms of uses and gratifications research 
D)  None of the above are criticisms of uses and gratifications research

Question 5

The Reinforcing Spirals Model (Slater, 2007) suggests that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Journalists pay close attention to 'opinion leader media' (i.e., New York Times), which reinforces opinions expressed in the media over time 
B)  People select media messages that reflect pre-existing dispositions and identity, such that dispositions and identity are reinforced over time through selective media use 
C)  People interpersonally discuss media content, which reinforces the media effects over time in spiraling dynamics 
D)  Both journalists and media users have a self-consistency motive, which leads to reinforcing perceptions of reality over time as a result of media use. 
A)  Journalists pay close attention to 'opinion leader media' (i.e., New York Times), which reinforces opinions expressed in the media over time 
B)  People select media messages that reflect pre-existing dispositions and identity, such that dispositions and identity are reinforced over time through selective media use 
C)  People interpersonally discuss media content, which reinforces the media effects over time in spiraling dynamics 
D)  Both journalists and media users have a self-consistency motive, which leads to reinforcing perceptions of reality over time as a result of media use.

Question 6

"State of stress and worry that one might confirm a negative stereotype that others are thought to hold towards one's own group" is the definition of which concept?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stereotype confirmation bias 
B)  Stereotype lift 
C)  Stereotype reinforcement 
D)  Stereotype threat 
A)  Stereotype confirmation bias 
B)  Stereotype lift 
C)  Stereotype reinforcement 
D)  Stereotype threat

Question 7

Think of Casey, a college student, on a Saturday during the semester: In the morning, Casey is focused on academics and listens to classical music while preparing for an exam. In the afternoon, Casey listens to pop music while exercising. While in the car on the way to pick up a date, Casey puts on romantic music. Which theoretical model works best to explain Casey's media choices?

Accepted Answer

A)  Uses-and-Gratifications approach 
B)  SESAM model (selective exposure self- and affect management model) 
C)  Reinforcing Spirals Model 
D)  Media Practice Model 
A)  Uses-and-Gratifications approach 
B)  SESAM model (selective exposure self- and affect management model) 
C)  Reinforcing Spirals Model 
D)  Media Practice Model

Question 8

Traditional media is the only source of self-socialization

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

relies on the notion of the working self

Accepted Answer

A)  The SESAM model 
B)  Reinforcing spirals 
C)  Virtuous cycle 
D)  Uses and gratifications 
A)  The SESAM model 
B)  Reinforcing spirals 
C)  Virtuous cycle 
D)  Uses and gratifications

Question 10

Which of the following describes a common thread in contemporary models of media use motivations?

Accepted Answer

A)  People enjoy fake news and conflict coverage 
B)  People select mediated communication to shape their views of themselves and their behaviors 
C)  People are very malleable and vulnerable to media impacts 
D)  Improving media literacy enables people to carefully select media messages to their advantage 
A)  People enjoy fake news and conflict coverage 
B)  People select mediated communication to shape their views of themselves and their behaviors 
C)  People are very malleable and vulnerable to media impacts 
D)  Improving media literacy enables people to carefully select media messages to their advantage

Question 11

Miller and his friends had started smoking. Miller was hesitant at first but he started to notice people his age smoking in movies and television shows. The people in the media seemed cool and were always surrounded by a lot of friends. Miller continued to seek out media with the same messages and kept smoking cigarettes around his friends.
Miller's situation can be best described with:

Accepted Answer

A)  Reinforcing spirals 
B)  Virtuous cycle 
C)  SESAM model 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Reinforcing spirals 
B)  Virtuous cycle 
C)  SESAM model 
D)  None of the above

Question 12

The uses and gratifications approach considers the audience as passive consumers of mediated messages

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

argues that sense of self and identity influences not only how people select mediated messages but also how people interact with and apply the message to their lives.

Accepted Answer

A)  The uses-and-gratifications approach 
B)  The media practice model 
C)  The developmental model 
D)  Cultivation research 
A)  The uses-and-gratifications approach 
B)  The media practice model 
C)  The developmental model 
D)  Cultivation research

Question 14

Brian, a soccer player, picks out youtube videos that show a soccer player demonstrating skills way above his level, hoping he can learn to perform them himself.
Brian's media message selection is motivated by …

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-evaluation 
B)  Self-consistency 
C)  Self-improvement 
D)  Self-enhancement 
A)  Self-evaluation 
B)  Self-consistency 
C)  Self-improvement 
D)  Self-enhancement

Question 15

After Jenna read an article about how few women hold higher-up positions in major corporations, she performs poorly on her exam in business administration (even though she is well prepared) . Which concept could explain this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-consistency 
B)  Stereotype threat 
C)  Reinforcing spirals 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Self-consistency 
B)  Stereotype threat 
C)  Reinforcing spirals 
D)  None of the above

Question 16

In the SESAM model (Knobloch-Westerwick, 2015) , which of the following is NOT a motivation for media exposure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-consistency 
B)  Self-derogation 
C)  Self-improvement 
D)  Self-enhancement 
A)  Self-consistency 
B)  Self-derogation 
C)  Self-improvement 
D)  Self-enhancement

Which of the following is NOT a gratification commonly suggested by uses-and-gratifications research?

According to Arnett's (1995) theory of self-socialization…

Reinforcing spirals leads to:

Which of the follow is not a main criticism of uses and gratifications research?

The Reinforcing Spirals Model (Slater, 2007) suggests that:

"State of stress and worry that one might confirm a negative stereotype that others are thought to hold towards one's own group" is the definition of which concept?

Traditional media is the only source of self-socialization

relies on the notion of the working self

Which of the following describes a common thread in contemporary models of media use motivations?

The uses and gratifications approach considers the audience as passive consumers of mediated messages

argues that sense of self and identity influences not only how people select mediated messages but also how people interact with and apply the message to their lives.

Brian, a soccer player, picks out youtube videos that show a soccer player demonstrating skills way above his level, hoping he can learn to perform them himself. Brian's media message selection is motivated by …

After Jenna read an article about how few women hold higher-up positions in major corporations, she performs poorly on her exam in business administration (even though she is well prepared) . Which concept could explain this?

In the SESAM model (Knobloch-Westerwick, 2015) , which of the following is NOT a motivation for media exposure?

Mediated Communication and Its Kin

Media Shaping Our World Perceptions

Social Group Perceptions and Media

Emergence and Interpretation of Issues

Following and Contributing to News

Mediated Politics

Your Opinion Expression in a Public Context

Persuasion Dynamics

Emotions and Excitation

Pleasure and Enjoyment Seeking

Health and Risk Communication

Computer-Mediated Communication and Social Media

The Role of Advertising

Filters

Exam 4: Media Use Motivations

Which of the following is NOT a gratification commonly suggested by uses-and-gratifications research?

According to Arnett's (1995) theory of self-socialization…

Reinforcing spirals leads to:

Which of the follow is not a main criticism of uses and gratifications research?

The Reinforcing Spirals Model (Slater, 2007) suggests that:

"State of stress and worry that one might confirm a negative stereotype that others are thought to hold towards one's own group" is the definition of which concept?

Traditional media is the only source of self-socialization

relies on the notion of the working self

Which of the following describes a common thread in contemporary models of media use motivations?

The uses and gratifications approach considers the audience as passive consumers of mediated messages

argues that sense of self and identity influences not only how people select mediated messages but also how people interact with and apply the message to their lives.

Brian, a soccer player, picks out youtube videos that show a soccer player demonstrating skills way above his level, hoping he can learn to perform them himself. Brian's media message selection is motivated by …

After Jenna read an article about how few women hold higher-up positions in major corporations, she performs poorly on her exam in business administration (even though she is well prepared) . Which concept could explain this?

In the SESAM model (Knobloch-Westerwick, 2015) , which of the following is NOT a motivation for media exposure?

Mediated Communication and Its Kin

Media Shaping Our World Perceptions

Social Group Perceptions and Media

Emergence and Interpretation of Issues

Following and Contributing to News

Mediated Politics

Your Opinion Expression in a Public Context

Persuasion Dynamics

Emotions and Excitation

Pleasure and Enjoyment Seeking

Health and Risk Communication

Computer-Mediated Communication and Social Media

The Role of Advertising

Filters