Exam 8: The Future of Rehabilitation: From Nothing Works to What Works an Epilogue

Explain why the three-strikes law put in place in California was so influential and important for their state and the rest of the nation.

In the mid-1990s, another sentencing initiative aimed at locking away habitual criminals for life or mandating that offenders convicted of three offenses would receive a life sentence was put in place in many states. Such initiative is called ____________.

According to Cullen and Gilbert, America comprises __________ percent of the world's population, but accounts for __________ percent of the inmate population.

__________ is like computing a treatment batting average. For each study, the researcher records the strength of the relationship between the treatment condition; once the size of this effect is coded for every study, then it is possible to calculate the average impact of the independent variable (e.g., treatment) on the dependent variable (e.g., recidivism).

Which of the following is not a criminogenic need?

In the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, the U.S. Congress offered funding to states wishing to construct or expand prison capacity. To receive funds, the states had to implement policies mandating that violent offenders serve at least 85 percent of their sentences. Such laws are called ____________.

___________ states that interventions should be directed to high-risk (in particular) and medium-risk offenders, but not to low-risk offenders.

Under rehabilitation, the fate of offenders was determined mostly by all of the following factors except:

Cullen and Gilbert have made a strong case for "correctional official accountability" and why they think it is important. What do the authors suggest correctional agencies do in order to hold correctional managers accountable for their performance when it comes to reducing crime?

A stable antisocial trajectory begins in __________.

A number of commentators, including Cullen and Gilbert, have characterized the nation's commitment to locking up Americans as the ___________ because of the impact of mass incarceration on crime in our nation.

Michael Tonry has concluded that there is little basis for believing that mandatory penalties have any significant effects on rates of serious crime. He has identified three reasons why this is so. Briefly discuss these three reasons.

Briefly identify and explain the characteristics of the "mean season" in corrections that Cullen and Gilbert discuss in Chapter 8.