Exam 8: Motor Skills and Control

In Donders' experiments on reaction time, the time it takes to select between 2 possible responses is calculated by subtracting ___________ from the Response Selection Time.

Steering a car by monitoring where the front of the car is located relative to the lane markers is an example of a ______ tracking task.

In most cars, the most important controls (steering wheel, gas and brake pedals) are placed close to the driver where they are easy to reach. Less important controls (radio, climate control) are farther away. This is an example of __________ coding.

Explain the difference between closed-loop and open-loop control of movement.

The number of different ways that a control can be manipulated depends on the variety of movements that can be performed with the effector used. This number is represented as the __________ of the effector.

You have designed a video game called "Get Off My Lawn!" in which the player controls a virtual water hose and uses it to spray things as they walk on their virtual lawn, such as neighborhood kids, stray dogs, and salespeople. You have designed it to work with a joystick, such that large deflections of the joystick moves the spray nozzle quickly around the screen. Small deflections cause it to move slowly. This is an example of

John is an audio technician in a recording studio who has to operate multiple knobs in a dimly lit environment. He is able to tell the difference between these knobs because some have a smooth surface and others have grooves etched into them. This is an example of ________ coding.

What is the difference between a discrete and a continuous control?

__________ controls can be placed into any of a number of states along a continuum, while _________ controls can only be placed into a finite number states.

Identify two factors that can increase reaction time.

Explain why label coding of controls may be a sign of bad design and discuss ways to improve control design so that labels are not needed.

What two parameters constitute the Index of Difficulty in Fitts' Law?

If a driver wishes to turn her car, she operates the steering wheel by turning it. The fact that the turning action of the steering wheel reflects the turning response of the car is an example of

Which of the following statements best captures the effect known as the speed/accuracy tradeoffs?

What is the difference between reaction time and movement time?

The commonly used QWERTY keyboard was introduced as a way to slow down typing rate.

Tracking displays that show only the error state without showing the system or controller state, are known as

Delay between control input and system output is called _____; long delays tend to have a ______ effect on operator performance.

Provide a real-life example of velocity (aka first-order) control.

According to Fitts' Law, which 2 factors determine the difficulty of a pointing task?