Question 1

What is the difference between spatial compatibility and movement compatibility?

Accepted Answer

Spatial compatibility and movement compatibility are two concepts that are often discussed in the context of human factors, ergonomics, and psychology, particularly in relation to the design of controls and displays, as well as in the study of human-machine interaction.

Spatial Compatibility refers to the degree to which the spatial arrangement of controls corresponds to the spatial arrangement of their associated displays or the effects they produce in the real world. In other words, it is about the match between the physical layout of control devices and the objects or operations they are meant to control. For example, when the up button in an elevator corresponds to the upward movement of the elevator, there is high spatial compatibility. High spatial compatibility tends to reduce the cognitive load on the user, making the control system easier to learn and use, and reducing the likelihood of errors.

Movement Compatibility, on the other hand, is concerned with the relationship between the direction of control movement and the direction of the resulting effect. It focuses on how intuitive the movement of a control is in relation to the outcome that it produces. For instance, if turning a steering wheel to the right causes a vehicle to turn right, there is high movement compatibility. Movement compatibility is crucial for the intuitive use of controls, particularly in situations that require quick responses, such as driving a car or flying an aircraft.

In summary, spatial compatibility is about the physical arrangement and location of controls relative to their displays or effects, while movement compatibility is about the directionality and nature of the control movements in relation to the outcomes they produce. Both are important for designing user-friendly interfaces and control systems that are easy to operate and reduce the potential for human error.

Question 2

According to the principle of closed-loop control, which of the following decrease the accuracy of a movement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vision of the hand during a reach 
B)  Performing the movement very quickly 
C)  Performing the movement very slowly 
D)  Locating controls close to the user 
A)  Vision of the hand during a reach 
B)  Performing the movement very quickly 
C)  Performing the movement very slowly 
D)  Locating controls close to the user B

Question 3

The idea that feedback about the state of a movement is used to monitor and adjust that movement as it unfolds is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  Open-loop control 
B)  Feedforward control 
C)  Closed-loop control 
D)  Compensatory tracking 
A)  Open-loop control 
B)  Feedforward control 
C)  Closed-loop control 
D)  Compensatory tracking C

Question 4

In Donders' experiments on reaction time, the time it takes to discriminate between 2 stimuli is calculated by subtracting the "simple reaction time" from which value?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decision Time 
B)  Movement Time 
C)  Response Selection Time 
D)  Reaction Time 
A)  Decision Time 
B)  Movement Time 
C)  Response Selection Time 
D)  Reaction Time

Question 5

Which of the following persons is mostly likely at their peak of motor skill and functioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sally, who is 8 years old. 
B)  Mike, who is 26 years old. 
C)  James, who is 57 years old. 
D)  Christina, who is 80 years old. 
A)  Sally, who is 8 years old. 
B)  Mike, who is 26 years old. 
C)  James, who is 57 years old. 
D)  Christina, who is 80 years old.

Question 6

Research shows that _________ can help offset age-related declines in movement rapidity.

Accepted Answer

A)  determination 
B)  intelligence 
C)  personality 
D)  physical activity and exercise 
A)  determination 
B)  intelligence 
C)  personality 
D)  physical activity and exercise

Question 7

In tracking tasks, operation of the controller is considered the _____, while the system response to the controller is called the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  movement; state 
B)  movement; effect 
C)  output; input 
D)  input; output 
A)  movement; state 
B)  movement; effect 
C)  output; input 
D)  input; output

Question 8

What is the difference between pursuit and compensatory tracking?

Accepted Answer

Pursuit and compensatory tracking are tw

Question 9

It is common feature of light switches that "up" means "on" and "down" means "off". Sometimes, light switches are mounted sideways, and then it is unclear which position means "on" or "off". This type of designed is a violation of

Accepted Answer

A)  Label coding 
B)  Location coding 
C)  Population stereotypes 
D)  Redundant coding 
A)  Label coding 
B)  Location coding 
C)  Population stereotypes 
D)  Redundant coding

Question 10

In order to raise the forks on a forklift, Barry must push a lever down. This is a violation of which design principle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Location coding 
B)  Spatial compatibility 
C)  Movement compatibility 
D)  Label coding 
A)  Location coding 
B)  Spatial compatibility 
C)  Movement compatibility 
D)  Label coding

Question 11

The time it takes to complete a movement, from beginning to end, is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  Reaction Time 
B)  Response Selection Time 
C)  Decision Time 
D)  Movement Time 
A)  Reaction Time 
B)  Response Selection Time 
C)  Decision Time 
D)  Movement Time

Question 12

The time it takes to initiative a movement is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  Movement Time 
B)  Decision Time 
C)  Reaction Time 
D)  Initiation Time 
A)  Movement Time 
B)  Decision Time 
C)  Reaction Time 
D)  Initiation Time

Question 13

The ability to hold and manipulate small objects is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  fine motor skill 
B)  complex motor skill 
C)  gross motor skill 
D)  physical strength 
A)  fine motor skill 
B)  complex motor skill 
C)  gross motor skill 
D)  physical strength

Question 14

What is the difference between simple reaction time and decision time?

Accepted Answer

Simple reaction time and decision time a

Question 15

While flying a plane, a pilot is able to easily select the control that lowers the landing gear, because the control handle looks like a wheel. This is an example of _______ coding.

Accepted Answer

A)  color 
B)  location 
C)  texture 
D)  shape 
A)  color 
B)  location 
C)  texture 
D)  shape

Question 16

Research shows that there is a strong linear relationship between movement time and the ratio of movement distance to target width. This is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Fitts' Law 
B)  Hick-Hyman Law 
C)  Warrick Principle 
D)  Tracking Loop 
A)  Fitts' Law 
B)  Hick-Hyman Law 
C)  Warrick Principle 
D)  Tracking Loop

Question 17

Briefly explain Warrick's principle.

Accepted Answer

Warrick's Principle is a concept used in

Question 18

Some controls are designed to be operated by hand, others by foot. The differences in these controls is described as a difference in the _________ that operates them.

Accepted Answer

A)  sense 
B)  effector 
C)  person 
D)  order of control 
A)  sense 
B)  effector 
C)  person 
D)  order of control

Question 19

Medicine bottles that can only be opened using a "press down and turn" movement of the cap are designed for what reason:

Accepted Answer

A)  To assist older adults in opening them 
B)  To prevent older adults in opening them 
C)  To prevent children from opening them 
D)  To assist children in opening them 
A)  To assist older adults in opening them 
B)  To prevent older adults in opening them 
C)  To prevent children from opening them 
D)  To assist children in opening them

Question 20

Research shows that trackballs are the best devices for point-and-click tasks when using a computer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

What is the difference between spatial compatibility and movement compatibility?

According to the principle of closed-loop control, which of the following decrease the accuracy of a movement?

The idea that feedback about the state of a movement is used to monitor and adjust that movement as it unfolds is known as

In Donders' experiments on reaction time, the time it takes to discriminate between 2 stimuli is calculated by subtracting the "simple reaction time" from which value?

Which of the following persons is mostly likely at their peak of motor skill and functioning?

Research shows that _________ can help offset age-related declines in movement rapidity.

In tracking tasks, operation of the controller is considered the _, while the system response to the controller is called the ___.

What is the difference between pursuit and compensatory tracking?

It is common feature of light switches that "up" means "on" and "down" means "off". Sometimes, light switches are mounted sideways, and then it is unclear which position means "on" or "off". This type of designed is a violation of

In order to raise the forks on a forklift, Barry must push a lever down. This is a violation of which design principle?

The time it takes to complete a movement, from beginning to end, is known as

The time it takes to initiative a movement is known as

The ability to hold and manipulate small objects is referred to as

What is the difference between simple reaction time and decision time?

While flying a plane, a pilot is able to easily select the control that lowers the landing gear, because the control handle looks like a wheel. This is an example of _______ coding.

Research shows that there is a strong linear relationship between movement time and the ratio of movement distance to target width. This is known as:

Briefly explain Warrick's principle.

Some controls are designed to be operated by hand, others by foot. The differences in these controls is described as a difference in the _________ that operates them.

Medicine bottles that can only be opened using a "press down and turn" movement of the cap are designed for what reason:

Research shows that trackballs are the best devices for point-and-click tasks when using a computer.

Introduction to Human Factors

Research Methods

Visual, Tactile, and Olfactory Displays

Audition and Vestibular Function

Methods of Evaluation

Attention, Memory, and Multitasking

Decision-Making

Anthropometry and Biomechanics

Environmental Design

Human Error

Future Trends in Human Factors

Filters

Exam 8: Motor Skills and Control

What is the difference between spatial compatibility and movement compatibility?

According to the principle of closed-loop control, which of the following decrease the accuracy of a movement?

The idea that feedback about the state of a movement is used to monitor and adjust that movement as it unfolds is known as

In Donders' experiments on reaction time, the time it takes to discriminate between 2 stimuli is calculated by subtracting the "simple reaction time" from which value?

Which of the following persons is mostly likely at their peak of motor skill and functioning?

Research shows that _________ can help offset age-related declines in movement rapidity.

In tracking tasks, operation of the controller is considered the _____, while the system response to the controller is called the _______.

What is the difference between pursuit and compensatory tracking?

It is common feature of light switches that "up" means "on" and "down" means "off". Sometimes, light switches are mounted sideways, and then it is unclear which position means "on" or "off". This type of designed is a violation of

In order to raise the forks on a forklift, Barry must push a lever down. This is a violation of which design principle?

The time it takes to complete a movement, from beginning to end, is known as

The time it takes to initiative a movement is known as

The ability to hold and manipulate small objects is referred to as

What is the difference between simple reaction time and decision time?

While flying a plane, a pilot is able to easily select the control that lowers the landing gear, because the control handle looks like a wheel. This is an example of _______ coding.

Research shows that there is a strong linear relationship between movement time and the ratio of movement distance to target width. This is known as:

Briefly explain Warrick's principle.

Some controls are designed to be operated by hand, others by foot. The differences in these controls is described as a difference in the _________ that operates them.

Medicine bottles that can only be opened using a "press down and turn" movement of the cap are designed for what reason:

Research shows that trackballs are the best devices for point-and-click tasks when using a computer.

Introduction to Human Factors

Research Methods

Visual, Tactile, and Olfactory Displays

Audition and Vestibular Function

Methods of Evaluation

Attention, Memory, and Multitasking

Decision-Making

Anthropometry and Biomechanics

Environmental Design

Human Error

Future Trends in Human Factors

Filters

In tracking tasks, operation of the controller is considered the _, while the system response to the controller is called the ___.