Exam 4: Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches, and Fibers

Weight gain is caused by excess intake of calories, regardless of whether those calories come from carbohydrates, fat, or protein.

Your Uncle Joe, who has diabetes, was recently hospitalized because his appetite had decreased, he was having headaches, and his doctor's said that his blood had become more acidic. Upon visiting him when he was first admitted to the hospital, you also noticed that he had odd-smelling breadth. Why had Uncle Joe's blood become acidic? Why did he have odd-smelling breadth? How does his presentation relate to him having diabetes?

Alexis just got back from the dentist and her gums hurt because the dental hygienist scraped a lot of plaque from her teeth. What is plaque? How does daily brushing and flossing help to prevent dental caries? Susan eats jelly beans as snacks and she drinks sodas throughout the day. Explain how these habits promote dental caries.

Only the carbohydrates that are completely digested have an impact on overall health.

The grams of sugar on the food label do not differentiate between natural and added sugars.

Pectin is a soluble fiber that is found in fruits and vegetables.

The glycemic index is a measure of:

Which of the following represents a monosaccharide:disaccharide:complex carbohydrate?

Which type of complex carbohydrates are depicted in the visual?

Refined sugars added to food during processing or at the table account for about 15% of the calories consumed in the typical American diet.

All of the following statements are true about the typical US diet and carbohydrate recommendations EXCEPT:

Glucagon:

Since 1970, HFCS intake has increased dramatically, while sucrose use has declined. Over this same time period, the incidence of obesity has more than doubled. Based on what you know about epidemiological studies, can the conclusion that HFCS consumption causes obesity be accurately made? Explain.

Starch and dietary fiber are classified as:

Compared to anaerobic metabolism of carbohydrate, aerobic metabolism of carbohydrates produces _______ ATP molecules for each glucose molecule.

Foods high in refined carbohydrates cause a rapid rise in blood glucose and therefore release of insulin.

Body proteins that are broken down to make glucose are no longer available to do their job, like to speed up a chemical reaction or to contract a muscle.

Insulin promotes fat storage.

Increased consumption of refined carbohydrates in the past few decades has been implicated in causing obesity.

Which of the following best describes the effect of a fiber-rich meal on the rise in blood glucose that occurs after a meal?