Exam 3: How Do Researchers Identify and Evaluate Social Concepts Measurement

Describe the nominal, ordinal, and interval-ratio levels of measurement. Choose a single variable and then describe how you could measure it at all three levels.

In the following hypothesis, what is the independent variable and which is the dependent variable? Hypothesis: States with high crime rates also have high poverty rates.

As a concept is operationalized, it moves from the ____________ to the _______.

If a measure appears to reasonably reflect the content of the concept, it would have face validity.

If a measure is exhaustive, that means that the measurement categories do not overlap, such that each case fits into only one response category.

Kanter (1977) theorized about the experiences of what she termed "tokens," who are highly visible workers in a field where they are in the numeric minority. What did Williams find when applying this theory in her research about the glass escalator effect?

Zambrana and her team used this technique to ensure reliable coding of their interview data about Mexican American faculty.

What are the main sources of statistics on crime? Why are crime statistics an example of convergent invalidity? What is your reaction to this inconsistency?

In what ways are multiple indicators of a concept preferable to a single indicator? Provide an example of a concept that would benefit from multiple indicators and brainstorm different indicators that could be used to measure it.

Measurement reflects a commitment to defining complex and ambiguous phenomenon

When concepts are more abstract or less understood in a straightforward way, what can researchers turn to when conceptualizing?

How can a researcher test the reliability of a measure?

What is the level of measurement for the following variable: Education level measured as years of school completed.

The test-retest method is a common test for internal validity.

In Wingfield's research, which category of concepts was the most abstract?

Which of the following would be the best direct indicator of poverty?

The findings in Zambrana et al.'s 2017 study of Mexican American faculty had issues with reliability because there was disagreement about how to code the interview data.

Clarifying or describing a concept meaning is called

If the same measure is repeated applied and yields the same results, it is said to be

Referring to theory is a way to conceptualize abstract terms.