Exam 8: Plato Apology

According to Green, "Yet, as Okin points out, Rawls never raises the question of whether a traditional family structure would be chosen from behind the veil of ignorance. This leads her to speculate as to what kind of family structure would be chosen were it constructed according to the two principles of justice. She concludes that it would be an authoritarian one in which duties were not determined by sex but were shared equally between parents."

Explain what Appiah means when he says that in a "traditional society we may speak of these shared beliefs, values, signs, and symbols as the common culture; not, to insist on a crucial point, in the sense that everyone in the group actually holds the beliefs and values, but in the sense that everybody knows what they are and everybody knows that they are widely held in the society."

According to Dewey, "In the broad and final sense, all institutions are oppressive, in the sense that they operate to form the attitudes, dispositions, abilities and disabilities that constitute a concrete personality."

Rorty tells us that, "There are relatively plausible scenarios for the working out of _________ initiatives, scenarios which end with the life chances of the Northerners roughly levelled out."

According to Locke, "it is evident, that absolute monarchy, which by some men is counted the only government in the world, is indeed inconsistent with civil society." Do you agree with Locke? Explain your answer.

In the reading, Socrates says, "When I began to talk with him, I could not help thinking that he was not really wise, although he was thought wise by many, and wiser still by himself; and I went and tried to explain to him that he thought himself wise, but was not really wise; and the consequence was that he hated me, and his enmity was shared by several who were present and heard me. So I left him, saying to myself, as I went away: Well, although I do not suppose that either of us knows anything really beautiful and good, I am better off than he is-for he knows nothing, and thinks that he knows, ..."

According to Appiah, "I have insisted that we should distinguish between cultures and identities, but ethnic identities are distinctive in having cultural distinctions as one of their primary marks. Ethnic identities are created in a persisting power vacuum. These, along with mass-mediated culture, the school, and the college, are, for most of us, the central sites of the social transmission of culture."

Explain what Hobbes means when he says, "A law of nature is a precept or general rule found out by reason, by which a man is forbidden to do that which is destructive of his life, or takes away the means of preserving the same; and to omit that by which he thinks it may be best preserved." Do you agree with Hobbes? Explain your answer.

According to Dewey, "Absence of participation tends to produce lack of interest and concern on the part of those shut out. The result is a corresponding lack of effective responsibility."

Explain what Wollstonecraft means when she says, "Let woman share the rights, and she will emulate the virtues of man; for she must grow more perfect when emancipated, or justify the authority that chains such a weak being to her duty."

Explain what Mill means when he says, "Wherever there is an ascendant class, a large portion of the morality of the country emanates from its class interests, and its feelings of class superiority." Do you agree with Mill?

Locke says, "The inconveniencies that they are therein exposed to by the irregular and uncertain exercise of the power every man has of punishing the transgressions of others, make them take sanctuary under the established laws of government, and therein seek the preservation of their property. It is this that makes them so willingly give up every one his single power of punishing to be exercised by such alone as shall be appointed to it amongst them, and by such rules as the community, or those authorized by them to that purpose, shall agree on. And in this we have the original right and rise of both the legislative and executive power as well as of the governments and societies themselves."

Macaulay tells us that "when the old vessel of a commonwealth is torn to pieces by the shocks it has sustained from contending parties; when the people, disdaining and rejecting all those fond opinions by which they have been enslaved to misery," then they can ...

According to Hobbes, "When the transferring of right is not mutual, but one of the parties transfers in hope to gain friendship or service from another, or from his friends, or in hope to gain the reputation of charity or magnanimity, or to deliver his mind from the pain of compassion, or in hope of reward in heaven," then this is called a ...

Explain what Marx and Engels mean when they say, "When, in the course of development, class distinctions have disappeared, and all production has been concentrated in the hands of a vast association of the whole nation, the public power will lose its political character. Political power, properly so called, is merely the organized power of one class for oppressing another."

Green tells us that "Parity follows from a conception of procedural justice, for it provides a mechanism which guarantees that the interests of both sexes are fairly represented in the legislature."

According to Marx and Engels, the workers in a society are called the bourgeoisie.

Green tells us that "Parity follows from a conception of procedural ________, for it provides a mechanism which guarantees that the interests of both sexes are fairly represented in the legislature."

According to Wollstonecraft, "Yet, true voluptuousness must proceed from the mind-for what can equal the sensations produced by mutual affection, supported by mutual respect? What are the cold or feverish caresses of appetite, but sin embracing death, compared with the modest overflowings of a pure heart and exalted imagination?"

Mill says, "there needs protection also against the tyranny of the prevailing opinion and feeling; against the tendency of society to impose, by other means than civil penalties, its own ideas and practices as rules of conduct on those who dissent from them."