Question 1

In low-SES families with many daily stresses, attachment generally

Accepted Answer

A)  changes from insecure pattern to another. 
B)  remains stable. 
C)  moves toward security. 
D)  fluctuates between security and insecurity. 
A)  changes from insecure pattern to another. 
B)  remains stable. 
C)  moves toward security. 
D)  fluctuates between security and insecurity.

Question 2

Twenty-two-year-old Daniel is overly dependent on his girlfriend. Daniel continually doubts his ability to meet new challenges. According to psychosocial theory, Daniel may not have fully mastered the tasks of __________ and __________ during infancy and childhood.

Accepted Answer

A)  mistrust; shame 
B)  trust; doubt 
C)  trust; autonomy 
D)  autonomy; mistrust 
A)  mistrust; shame 
B)  trust; doubt 
C)  trust; autonomy 
D)  autonomy; mistrust

Question 3

Drawing on cross-cultural research on attachment, which of the following infants is most likely to display an insecure-avoidant attachment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gretchen, who is from Germany 
B)  Yuri, who is from Japan 
C)  Darius, who is from the United States 
D)  Sascha, who is from an Israeli kibbutz 
A)  Gretchen, who is from Germany 
B)  Yuri, who is from Japan 
C)  Darius, who is from the United States 
D)  Sascha, who is from an Israeli kibbutz

Question 4

The social smile

Accepted Answer

A)  first appears during REM sleep. 
B)  is evoked by parent-child interaction. 
C)  emerges during the second week of life. 
D)  first appears in response to dynamic, eye-catching sights. 
A)  first appears during REM sleep. 
B)  is evoked by parent-child interaction. 
C)  emerges during the second week of life. 
D)  first appears in response to dynamic, eye-catching sights.

Question 5

Compared with North American Caucasian infants, Chinese and Japanese babies tend to be

Accepted Answer

A)  less irritable. 
B)  more active. 
C)  less inhibited. 
D)  more vocal. 
A)  less irritable. 
B)  more active. 
C)  less inhibited. 
D)  more vocal.

Question 6

Cross-cultural research demonstrates that

Accepted Answer

A)  fathers' warmth contributes greatly to children's long-term favorable development. 
B)  fathers who devote little time to physical caregiving do not express much parental warmth. 
C)  mothers' and fathers' relationships with their partners and with their children are not linked. 
D)  fathers' warmth cannot protect children against emotional and behavioral problems. 
A)  fathers' warmth contributes greatly to children's long-term favorable development. 
B)  fathers who devote little time to physical caregiving do not express much parental warmth. 
C)  mothers' and fathers' relationships with their partners and with their children are not linked. 
D)  fathers' warmth cannot protect children against emotional and behavioral problems.

Question 7

Parents who __________ tend to have securely attached infants and to behave sensitively toward them.

Accepted Answer

A)  dismiss the importance of their early relationships 
B)  discuss their childhoods with objectivity and balance 
C)  report only positive childhood experiences 
D)  describe their negative childhood experiences in angry, confused ways 
A)  dismiss the importance of their early relationships 
B)  discuss their childhoods with objectivity and balance 
C)  report only positive childhood experiences 
D)  describe their negative childhood experiences in angry, confused ways

Question 8

Which of the following statements is supported by research on fathers?

Accepted Answer

A)  In the United States, Hispanic fathers spend more time engaged with their children compared to fathers in other ethnic groups. 
B)  In dual-earner families in the United States, mothers and fathers tend to devote equal time to caregiving. 
C)  In the United States, high-SES fathers devote more time to their children than low-SES fathers. 
D)  Fathers in Japan spend more time engaged in infant caregiving compared to fathers in the United States. 
A)  In the United States, Hispanic fathers spend more time engaged with their children compared to fathers in other ethnic groups. 
B)  In dual-earner families in the United States, mothers and fathers tend to devote equal time to caregiving. 
C)  In the United States, high-SES fathers devote more time to their children than low-SES fathers. 
D)  Fathers in Japan spend more time engaged in infant caregiving compared to fathers in the United States.

Question 9

The heritability of attachment is

Accepted Answer

A)  virtually nil. 
B)  moderately low. 
C)  moderately high. 
D)  very high. 
A)  virtually nil. 
B)  moderately low. 
C)  moderately high. 
D)  very high.

Question 10

__________ is moderately related to attachment security in diverse cultures and SES groups.

Accepted Answer

A)  Goodness of fit 
B)  Social referencing 
C)  Grandparent primary caregiving 
D)  Sensitive caregiving 
A)  Goodness of fit 
B)  Social referencing 
C)  Grandparent primary caregiving 
D)  Sensitive caregiving

Question 11

Describe Bowlby's four phases of attachment.

Accepted Answer

According to Bowlby, attachment develops

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the relationship between attachment security and infant child care is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The best current evidence confirms that use of nonparental care during the first year affects attachment security. 
B)  Infants who experience daily separations from their employed parents are at risk for developmental problems. 
C)  The relationship between child care and emotional well-being depends on both family and child-care experiences. 
D)  Exposure to child care exerts a more powerful impact on children's adjustment than does parenting quality. 
A)  The best current evidence confirms that use of nonparental care during the first year affects attachment security. 
B)  Infants who experience daily separations from their employed parents are at risk for developmental problems. 
C)  The relationship between child care and emotional well-being depends on both family and child-care experiences. 
D)  Exposure to child care exerts a more powerful impact on children's adjustment than does parenting quality.

In low-SES families with many daily stresses, attachment generally

Twenty-two-year-old Daniel is overly dependent on his girlfriend. Daniel continually doubts his ability to meet new challenges. According to psychosocial theory, Daniel may not have fully mastered the tasks of and during infancy and childhood.

Drawing on cross-cultural research on attachment, which of the following infants is most likely to display an insecure-avoidant attachment?

The social smile

Compared with North American Caucasian infants, Chinese and Japanese babies tend to be

Cross-cultural research demonstrates that

Parents who __________ tend to have securely attached infants and to behave sensitively toward them.

Which of the following statements is supported by research on fathers?

The heritability of attachment is

__________ is moderately related to attachment security in diverse cultures and SES groups.

Describe Bowlby's four phases of attachment.

Which of the following statements about the relationship between attachment security and infant child care is true?

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Filters

Exam 7: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

In low-SES families with many daily stresses, attachment generally

Twenty-two-year-old Daniel is overly dependent on his girlfriend. Daniel continually doubts his ability to meet new challenges. According to psychosocial theory, Daniel may not have fully mastered the tasks of __________ and __________ during infancy and childhood.

Drawing on cross-cultural research on attachment, which of the following infants is most likely to display an insecure-avoidant attachment?

The social smile

Compared with North American Caucasian infants, Chinese and Japanese babies tend to be

Cross-cultural research demonstrates that

Parents who __________ tend to have securely attached infants and to behave sensitively toward them.

Which of the following statements is supported by research on fathers?

The heritability of attachment is

__________ is moderately related to attachment security in diverse cultures and SES groups.

Describe Bowlby's four phases of attachment.

Which of the following statements about the relationship between attachment security and infant child care is true?

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Filters

Twenty-two-year-old Daniel is overly dependent on his girlfriend. Daniel continually doubts his ability to meet new challenges. According to psychosocial theory, Daniel may not have fully mastered the tasks of and during infancy and childhood.