Question 1

Evan covers his eyes when the Wicked Witch of the West appears on the screen while he is watching The Wizard of Oz. Evan is using

Accepted Answer

A)  a secure base. 
B)  emotional self-regulation. 
C)  social referencing. 
D)  self-soothing. 
A)  a secure base. 
B)  emotional self-regulation. 
C)  social referencing. 
D)  self-soothing.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about observations of children conducted in the home or laboratory is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  In homes, observers find it easier to capture rare but important events. 
B)  Researchers can better control children's experiences in the lab. 
C)  Fearful children tend to respond better in a lab setting than in their own homes. 
D)  Observations by researchers in the home or laboratory are usually more subjective than parental reports. 
A)  In homes, observers find it easier to capture rare but important events. 
B)  Researchers can better control children's experiences in the lab. 
C)  Fearful children tend to respond better in a lab setting than in their own homes. 
D)  Observations by researchers in the home or laboratory are usually more subjective than parental reports.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the role of psychoanalytic theory in modern child development research is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  All subsequent theories rejected the basic outlines of Freud's psychoanalytic theory. 
B)  One of the lasting contributions of psychoanalytic theory is its ability to capture the essence of personality during each period of development. 
C)  Psychoanalytic theorists' emphasis on the importance of experiences beyond infancy and early childhood is largely accepted by contemporary researchers. 
D)  Psychoanalytic theory has modern cross-cultural implications because contemporary researchers have psychoanalyzed individuals from all over the world. 
A)  All subsequent theories rejected the basic outlines of Freud's psychoanalytic theory. 
B)  One of the lasting contributions of psychoanalytic theory is its ability to capture the essence of personality during each period of development. 
C)  Psychoanalytic theorists' emphasis on the importance of experiences beyond infancy and early childhood is largely accepted by contemporary researchers. 
D)  Psychoanalytic theory has modern cross-cultural implications because contemporary researchers have psychoanalyzed individuals from all over the world.

Question 4

Gil describes his son as calm and cautious. He describes his daughter as cheerful and energetic. Gil's descriptions refer to

Accepted Answer

A)  effortful control. 
B)  categorical self. 
C)  temperament. 
D)  level of reactivity. 
A)  effortful control. 
B)  categorical self. 
C)  temperament. 
D)  level of reactivity.

Question 5

According to research on social referencing, which of the following responses from Tanner's mom is the most likely to encourage him to get up and try again after he falls down while learning to walk?

Accepted Answer

A)  a concerned look 
B)  a cautious smile 
C)  speaking the words "oh, no!" 
D)  laughter combined with saying "oopsie-daisy" 
A)  a concerned look 
B)  a cautious smile 
C)  speaking the words "oh, no!" 
D)  laughter combined with saying "oopsie-daisy"

Question 6

Ahmed, age 2, gives his favorite stuffed toy to his little brother when his brother falls down and starts to cry. Ahmed is displaying

Accepted Answer

A)  an internal working model. 
B)  empathy. 
C)  a categorical self. 
D)  social referencing. 
A)  an internal working model. 
B)  empathy. 
C)  a categorical self. 
D)  social referencing.

Question 7

In Rothbart's model of temperament,

Accepted Answer

A)  distractibility and irritable distress are considered opposite ends of the same dimension. 
B)  persistence and fearful distress are considered opposite ends of the same dimension. 
C)  fearful distress and irritable distress distinguish between reactivity triggered by fear and reactivity due to frustration. 
D)  the dimensions are overly broad, such as regularity of body functions and intensity of reaction. 
A)  distractibility and irritable distress are considered opposite ends of the same dimension. 
B)  persistence and fearful distress are considered opposite ends of the same dimension. 
C)  fearful distress and irritable distress distinguish between reactivity triggered by fear and reactivity due to frustration. 
D)  the dimensions are overly broad, such as regularity of body functions and intensity of reaction.

Question 8

Basic emotions

Accepted Answer

A)  are not evident in nonhuman primates. 
B)  are all present at birth. 
C)  have no evolutionary history of promoting survival. 
D)  are universal in humans. 
A)  are not evident in nonhuman primates. 
B)  are all present at birth. 
C)  have no evolutionary history of promoting survival. 
D)  are universal in humans.

Question 9

Beginning in early childhood, capacitity for effortful control predicts

Accepted Answer

A)  outcomes such as low academic achievement and moral immaturity. 
B)  characteristics such as timidity, meekness, and fearfulness of social situations. 
C)  the ability to engage in group participation through adolescence and adulthood. 
D)  favorable development and adjustment in cultures as diverse as China and the United States. 
A)  outcomes such as low academic achievement and moral immaturity. 
B)  characteristics such as timidity, meekness, and fearfulness of social situations. 
C)  the ability to engage in group participation through adolescence and adulthood. 
D)  favorable development and adjustment in cultures as diverse as China and the United States.

Question 10

Results of Jerome Kagan's longitudinal research on the development of shyness and sociability found that

Accepted Answer

A)  about 70 percent of 4-month-olds were easily upset by novelty. 
B)  nearly all of the extreme groups retained their temperamental styles as they get older. 
C)  most children's dispositions became less extreme over time. 
D)  as infants, more children were shy than were highly sociable. 
A)  about 70 percent of 4-month-olds were easily upset by novelty. 
B)  nearly all of the extreme groups retained their temperamental styles as they get older. 
C)  most children's dispositions became less extreme over time. 
D)  as infants, more children were shy than were highly sociable.

Question 11

Consistently, the short 5-HTTLPR genotype combined with maladaptive parenting leads to

Accepted Answer

A)  externalizing problems, including defiance and aggression. 
B)  inhibited social behavior and very low rates of peer acceptance. 
C)  decreased emotional reactivity as a result of withdrawal. 
D)  increased fearfulness during maternal separation. 
A)  externalizing problems, including defiance and aggression. 
B)  inhibited social behavior and very low rates of peer acceptance. 
C)  decreased emotional reactivity as a result of withdrawal. 
D)  increased fearfulness during maternal separation.

Question 12

In the 1950s, a famous experiment of rhesus monkeys reared with terry-cloth and wire-mesh "surrogate mothers" provided evidence that

Accepted Answer

A)  attachment does not depend on hunger satisfaction. 
B)  the infant's characteristics play the largest role in the relationship. 
C)  sensitive caregiving is key to the development of a secure attachment pattern. 
D)  attachment security in infancy is highly dependent on hunger satisfaction. 
A)  attachment does not depend on hunger satisfaction. 
B)  the infant's characteristics play the largest role in the relationship. 
C)  sensitive caregiving is key to the development of a secure attachment pattern. 
D)  attachment security in infancy is highly dependent on hunger satisfaction.

Question 13

Which of the following children, when placed in front of a mirror, is most likely to respond to the appearance of a red dot on his or her nose by touching or rubbing his or her nose?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reggie, an 8-month-old boy 
B)  Melik, a 12-month-old boy 
C)  Isabella, a 16-month-old girl 
D)  Jayla, a 21-month-old girl 
A)  Reggie, an 8-month-old boy 
B)  Melik, a 12-month-old boy 
C)  Isabella, a 16-month-old girl 
D)  Jayla, a 21-month-old girl

Question 14

Alice is inactive, shows mild, low-key reactions to environmental stimuli, and adjusts slowly to new experiences. In Thomas and Chess's model of temperament, Alice would be classified as a(n) __________ child.

Accepted Answer

A)  slow-to-warm-up 
B)  uninhibited 
C)  difficult 
D)  easy 
A)  slow-to-warm-up 
B)  uninhibited 
C)  difficult 
D)  easy

Question 15

Describe the development of anger in infants, and explain why angry reactions increase with age.

Accepted Answer

Newborn babies respond with generalized

Question 16

Children whose parents __________ typically do well in delaying gratification.

Accepted Answer

A)  alternate using threats and bribes 
B)  encourage selective and sustained attention 
C)  emphasize independence and autonomy from an early age 
D)  provide long, detailed reasons for waiting 
A)  alternate using threats and bribes 
B)  encourage selective and sustained attention 
C)  emphasize independence and autonomy from an early age 
D)  provide long, detailed reasons for waiting

Question 17

Newborn babies respond with __________ to too much or too little stimulation.

Accepted Answer

A)  locked gazes 
B)  generalized distress 
C)  fear 
D)  "mouth-open" smiles 
A)  locked gazes 
B)  generalized distress 
C)  fear 
D)  "mouth-open" smiles

Question 18

Baby Ashley picks up her ball and says, "Ball!" Ashley's father responds with a big smile and an enthusiastic, "That's right! Ball!" In return, Ashley laughs. When Ashley is tired and crying, her father picks her up, rubs her back, and sings softly to her. Ashley and her father are engaged in

Accepted Answer

A)  attachment in the making. 
B)  social referencing. 
C)  goodness of fit. 
D)  interactional synchrony. 
A)  attachment in the making. 
B)  social referencing. 
C)  goodness of fit. 
D)  interactional synchrony.

Question 19

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, a healthy outcome during infancy is dependent on the

Accepted Answer

A)  quantity of food offered. 
B)  amount of oral stimulation provided. 
C)  quality of caregiving. 
D)  availability of self-soothing. 
A)  quantity of food offered. 
B)  amount of oral stimulation provided. 
C)  quality of caregiving. 
D)  availability of self-soothing.

Question 20

In the Strange Situation, Kimani seeks closeness to her mother and fails to explore. When her mother leaves, Kimani is distressed. When she returns, Kimani hits her. Kimani is displaying characteristics of __________ attachment.

Accepted Answer

A)  insecure-avoidant 
B)  secure 
C)  disorganized/disoriented 
D)  insecure-resistant 
A)  insecure-avoidant 
B)  secure 
C)  disorganized/disoriented 
D)  insecure-resistant

Evan covers his eyes when the Wicked Witch of the West appears on the screen while he is watching The Wizard of Oz. Evan is using

Which of the following statements about observations of children conducted in the home or laboratory is true?

Which of the following statements about the role of psychoanalytic theory in modern child development research is true?

Gil describes his son as calm and cautious. He describes his daughter as cheerful and energetic. Gil's descriptions refer to

According to research on social referencing, which of the following responses from Tanner's mom is the most likely to encourage him to get up and try again after he falls down while learning to walk?

Ahmed, age 2, gives his favorite stuffed toy to his little brother when his brother falls down and starts to cry. Ahmed is displaying

In Rothbart's model of temperament,

Basic emotions

Beginning in early childhood, capacitity for effortful control predicts

Results of Jerome Kagan's longitudinal research on the development of shyness and sociability found that

Consistently, the short 5-HTTLPR genotype combined with maladaptive parenting leads to

In the 1950s, a famous experiment of rhesus monkeys reared with terry-cloth and wire-mesh "surrogate mothers" provided evidence that

Which of the following children, when placed in front of a mirror, is most likely to respond to the appearance of a red dot on his or her nose by touching or rubbing his or her nose?

Alice is inactive, shows mild, low-key reactions to environmental stimuli, and adjusts slowly to new experiences. In Thomas and Chess's model of temperament, Alice would be classified as a(n) __________ child.

Describe the development of anger in infants, and explain why angry reactions increase with age.

Children whose parents __________ typically do well in delaying gratification.

Newborn babies respond with __________ to too much or too little stimulation.

Baby Ashley picks up her ball and says, "Ball!" Ashley's father responds with a big smile and an enthusiastic, "That's right! Ball!" In return, Ashley laughs. When Ashley is tired and crying, her father picks her up, rubs her back, and sings softly to her. Ashley and her father are engaged in

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, a healthy outcome during infancy is dependent on the

In the Strange Situation, Kimani seeks closeness to her mother and fails to explore. When her mother leaves, Kimani is distressed. When she returns, Kimani hits her. Kimani is displaying characteristics of __________ attachment.

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Filters

Exam 7: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Evan covers his eyes when the Wicked Witch of the West appears on the screen while he is watching The Wizard of Oz. Evan is using

Which of the following statements about observations of children conducted in the home or laboratory is true?

Which of the following statements about the role of psychoanalytic theory in modern child development research is true?

Gil describes his son as calm and cautious. He describes his daughter as cheerful and energetic. Gil's descriptions refer to

According to research on social referencing, which of the following responses from Tanner's mom is the most likely to encourage him to get up and try again after he falls down while learning to walk?

Ahmed, age 2, gives his favorite stuffed toy to his little brother when his brother falls down and starts to cry. Ahmed is displaying

In Rothbart's model of temperament,

Basic emotions

Beginning in early childhood, capacitity for effortful control predicts

Results of Jerome Kagan's longitudinal research on the development of shyness and sociability found that

Consistently, the short 5-HTTLPR genotype combined with maladaptive parenting leads to

In the 1950s, a famous experiment of rhesus monkeys reared with terry-cloth and wire-mesh "surrogate mothers" provided evidence that

Which of the following children, when placed in front of a mirror, is most likely to respond to the appearance of a red dot on his or her nose by touching or rubbing his or her nose?

Alice is inactive, shows mild, low-key reactions to environmental stimuli, and adjusts slowly to new experiences. In Thomas and Chess's model of temperament, Alice would be classified as a(n) __________ child.

Describe the development of anger in infants, and explain why angry reactions increase with age.

Children whose parents __________ typically do well in delaying gratification.

Newborn babies respond with __________ to too much or too little stimulation.

Baby Ashley picks up her ball and says, "Ball!" Ashley's father responds with a big smile and an enthusiastic, "That's right! Ball!" In return, Ashley laughs. When Ashley is tired and crying, her father picks her up, rubs her back, and sings softly to her. Ashley and her father are engaged in

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, a healthy outcome during infancy is dependent on the

In the Strange Situation, Kimani seeks closeness to her mother and fails to explore. When her mother leaves, Kimani is distressed. When she returns, Kimani hits her. Kimani is displaying characteristics of __________ attachment.

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Filters