Question 1

From 4 to 6 months into the second year, angry expressions __________ in __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease; both frequency and intensity 
B)  increase; intensity but decrease in frequency 
C)  increase; both frequency and intensity 
D)  increase; frequency but decrease in intensity 
A)  decrease; both frequency and intensity 
B)  increase; intensity but decrease in frequency 
C)  increase; both frequency and intensity 
D)  increase; frequency but decrease in intensity

Question 2

Infants raised in Israeli kibbutzim

Accepted Answer

A)  are discouraged from developing a strong emotional bond with their mother. 
B)  display far greater stranger anxiety than their city-reared counterparts. 
C)  are routinely passed from one adult to another, which reduces their stranger anxiety. 
D)  show very little stranger anxiety compared with agemates. 
A)  are discouraged from developing a strong emotional bond with their mother. 
B)  display far greater stranger anxiety than their city-reared counterparts. 
C)  are routinely passed from one adult to another, which reduces their stranger anxiety. 
D)  show very little stranger anxiety compared with agemates.

Question 3

Fathers

Accepted Answer

A)  are not as responsive as mothers to their infant's social needs. 
B)  engage in more highly stimulating physical play with their daughters than with sons. 
C)  report feeling less anxiety than mothers about daily separations. 
D)  in the United States devote just over 4 hours per workday to children. 
A)  are not as responsive as mothers to their infant's social needs. 
B)  engage in more highly stimulating physical play with their daughters than with sons. 
C)  report feeling less anxiety than mothers about daily separations. 
D)  in the United States devote just over 4 hours per workday to children.

Question 4

According to Bowlby, out of their experiences during the four attachment phases, children

Accepted Answer

A)  learn autonomy and develop self-soothing because they learn that the caregiver cannot be relied upon during stress. 
B)  move from secure attachment to insure attachment and, over time, back again to secure attachment. 
C)  construct enduring an affectionate tie to the caregiver that they can use as a secure base in the parent's absence. 
D)  commonly develop either avoidant or resistant attachment styles before settling into a secure attachment. 
A)  learn autonomy and develop self-soothing because they learn that the caregiver cannot be relied upon during stress. 
B)  move from secure attachment to insure attachment and, over time, back again to secure attachment. 
C)  construct enduring an affectionate tie to the caregiver that they can use as a secure base in the parent's absence. 
D)  commonly develop either avoidant or resistant attachment styles before settling into a secure attachment.

Question 5

The overall stability of temperament is

Accepted Answer

A)  moderate in infancy and toddlerhood. 
B)  low from the preschool years on. 
C)  low in infancy and toddlerhood. 
D)  high from the preschool years on. 
A)  moderate in infancy and toddlerhood. 
B)  low from the preschool years on. 
C)  low in infancy and toddlerhood. 
D)  high from the preschool years on.

Question 6

In designing the Strange Situation, Mary Ainsworth and her colleagues reasoned that securely attached infants and toddlers

Accepted Answer

A)  should use the parent as a secure base from which to explore in an unfamiliar setting. 
B)  are just as easily comforted by an unfamiliar adult as by the parent. 
C)  combine anger and clinginess when reunited with a parent who has left the room for a time. 
D)  do not show distress when the parent leaves the room. 
A)  should use the parent as a secure base from which to explore in an unfamiliar setting. 
B)  are just as easily comforted by an unfamiliar adult as by the parent. 
C)  combine anger and clinginess when reunited with a parent who has left the room for a time. 
D)  do not show distress when the parent leaves the room.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about attachment is supported by research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mothers of resistant infants tend to be overstimulating and intrusive. 
B)  Securely attached infants often receive inconsistent care. 
C)  Persistently depressed mothers tend to promote an avoidant attachment classification. 
D)  Mothers of resistant infants are often unresponsive to infant signals. 
A)  Mothers of resistant infants tend to be overstimulating and intrusive. 
B)  Securely attached infants often receive inconsistent care. 
C)  Persistently depressed mothers tend to promote an avoidant attachment classification. 
D)  Mothers of resistant infants are often unresponsive to infant signals.

Question 8

Self-conscious emotions

Accepted Answer

A)  involve distinct facial expressions. 
B)  do not require self-awareness. 
C)  are universally experienced in response to the same types of situations. 
D)  require adult instruction in when to feel proud, ashamed, or guilty. 
A)  involve distinct facial expressions. 
B)  do not require self-awareness. 
C)  are universally experienced in response to the same types of situations. 
D)  require adult instruction in when to feel proud, ashamed, or guilty.

Question 9

__________ adult-infant coordination, in which interactional synchrony occurs, is the best predictor of attachment security.

Accepted Answer

A)  Loose 
B)  Tight 
C)  Moderate 
D)  Variable 
A)  Loose 
B)  Tight 
C)  Moderate 
D)  Variable

Question 10

Imani, age 11 months, is wary of strangers. However, when his mother sits on the floor, Imani ventures a few feet away from her for a few minutes at a time, and then returns to her for emotional support. Imani is

Accepted Answer

A)  engaging in effortful control. 
B)  exhibiting unusual behavior for a toddler with stranger anxiety. 
C)  using his mother as a secure base. 
D)  displaying avoidance rather than approach. 
A)  engaging in effortful control. 
B)  exhibiting unusual behavior for a toddler with stranger anxiety. 
C)  using his mother as a secure base. 
D)  displaying avoidance rather than approach.

Question 11

Nearly 2.4 million U.S. children live with their grandparents but apart from parents, in so-called

Accepted Answer

A)  "non-traditional nuclear families." 
B)  skipped-generation families. 
C)  fractured households. 
D)  extended-family households. 
A)  "non-traditional nuclear families." 
B)  skipped-generation families. 
C)  fractured households. 
D)  extended-family households.

Question 12

Self-conscious emotions

Accepted Answer

A)  are present at birth. 
B)  are universal and basic. 
C)  include happiness, fear, anger, and sadness. 
D)  involve injury to or enhancement of our sense of self. 
A)  are present at birth. 
B)  are universal and basic. 
C)  include happiness, fear, anger, and sadness. 
D)  involve injury to or enhancement of our sense of self.

Question 13

Development of the social smile

Accepted Answer

A)  reflects faster processing of information. 
B)  is highly encouraged among the Nso people. 
C)  varies substantially with culture. 
D)  appears as late as 12 to 14 weeks in German infants. 
A)  reflects faster processing of information. 
B)  is highly encouraged among the Nso people. 
C)  varies substantially with culture. 
D)  appears as late as 12 to 14 weeks in German infants.

Question 14

Research on the quality and extent of child care shows that

Accepted Answer

A)  mother-child interaction is more favorable when children spend fewer hours in child care. 
B)  most infants who are placed in full-time child care are insecurely attached. 
C)  full-time, but not part-time, work during the first year is detrimental to attachment security. 
D)  even in high-quality settings, the amount of time spent in child care is related to behavior problems. 
A)  mother-child interaction is more favorable when children spend fewer hours in child care. 
B)  most infants who are placed in full-time child care are insecurely attached. 
C)  full-time, but not part-time, work during the first year is detrimental to attachment security. 
D)  even in high-quality settings, the amount of time spent in child care is related to behavior problems.

Question 15

Brendon reacts negatively to and withdraws from novel stimuli. He could be classified as a(n) __________ child.

Accepted Answer

A)  sociable 
B)  shy 
C)  easy 
D)  uninhibited 
A)  sociable 
B)  shy 
C)  easy 
D)  uninhibited

Question 16

Research on the role of heredity in temperament indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  heritability estimates derived from twin studies suggest a major role for genetic factors in temperament and personality. 
B)  identical twins are more similar than fraternal twins across a wide range of temperamental traits and personality measures. 
C)  only 5 to 10 percent of individual differences in temperament have been attributed to differences in genetic makeup. 
D)  heritability estimates are much higher for expressions of positive emotion than for negative emotion. 
A)  heritability estimates derived from twin studies suggest a major role for genetic factors in temperament and personality. 
B)  identical twins are more similar than fraternal twins across a wide range of temperamental traits and personality measures. 
C)  only 5 to 10 percent of individual differences in temperament have been attributed to differences in genetic makeup. 
D)  heritability estimates are much higher for expressions of positive emotion than for negative emotion.

Question 17

Research on the Aka hunters and gatherers of Central Africa reveals that a strong father-infant relationship is

Accepted Answer

A)  related to the strong division of male and female duties in the tribe. 
B)  unrelated to the amount of time fathers spend near infants and toddlers. 
C)  unrelated to the father's expressions of caring and affection. 
D)  due in great part to an unusually cooperative and intimate marital relationship. 
A)  related to the strong division of male and female duties in the tribe. 
B)  unrelated to the amount of time fathers spend near infants and toddlers. 
C)  unrelated to the father's expressions of caring and affection. 
D)  due in great part to an unusually cooperative and intimate marital relationship.

Question 18

__________ involves creating child-rearing environments that recognize each child's temperament while simultaneously encouraging more adaptive functioning.

Accepted Answer

A)  Goodness of fit 
B)  Social referencing 
C)  Emotional self-regulation 
D)  Effortful control 
A)  Goodness of fit 
B)  Social referencing 
C)  Emotional self-regulation 
D)  Effortful control

Question 19

Discuss the involvement of fathers as it relates to attachment security. How do mothers and fathers differ in their caregiving?

Accepted Answer

Fathers' sensitive caregiving predicts a

Question 20

Babies' earliest emotional life consists of which two global arousal states?

Accepted Answer

A)  happiness and sadness 
B)  fullness and hunger 
C)  attraction to and withdrawal from stimulation 
D)  happiness and fear 
A)  happiness and sadness 
B)  fullness and hunger 
C)  attraction to and withdrawal from stimulation 
D)  happiness and fear

From 4 to 6 months into the second year, angry expressions in .

Infants raised in Israeli kibbutzim

Fathers

According to Bowlby, out of their experiences during the four attachment phases, children

The overall stability of temperament is

In designing the Strange Situation, Mary Ainsworth and her colleagues reasoned that securely attached infants and toddlers

Which of the following statements about attachment is supported by research?

Self-conscious emotions

__________ adult-infant coordination, in which interactional synchrony occurs, is the best predictor of attachment security.

Imani, age 11 months, is wary of strangers. However, when his mother sits on the floor, Imani ventures a few feet away from her for a few minutes at a time, and then returns to her for emotional support. Imani is

Nearly 2.4 million U.S. children live with their grandparents but apart from parents, in so-called

Self-conscious emotions

Development of the social smile

Research on the quality and extent of child care shows that

Brendon reacts negatively to and withdraws from novel stimuli. He could be classified as a(n) __________ child.

Research on the role of heredity in temperament indicates that

Research on the Aka hunters and gatherers of Central Africa reveals that a strong father-infant relationship is

__________ involves creating child-rearing environments that recognize each child's temperament while simultaneously encouraging more adaptive functioning.

Discuss the involvement of fathers as it relates to attachment security. How do mothers and fathers differ in their caregiving?

Babies' earliest emotional life consists of which two global arousal states?

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Filters

Exam 7: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

From 4 to 6 months into the second year, angry expressions __________ in __________.

Infants raised in Israeli kibbutzim

Fathers

According to Bowlby, out of their experiences during the four attachment phases, children

The overall stability of temperament is

In designing the Strange Situation, Mary Ainsworth and her colleagues reasoned that securely attached infants and toddlers

Which of the following statements about attachment is supported by research?

Self-conscious emotions

__________ adult-infant coordination, in which interactional synchrony occurs, is the best predictor of attachment security.

Imani, age 11 months, is wary of strangers. However, when his mother sits on the floor, Imani ventures a few feet away from her for a few minutes at a time, and then returns to her for emotional support. Imani is

Nearly 2.4 million U.S. children live with their grandparents but apart from parents, in so-called

Self-conscious emotions

Development of the social smile

Research on the quality and extent of child care shows that

Brendon reacts negatively to and withdraws from novel stimuli. He could be classified as a(n) __________ child.

Research on the role of heredity in temperament indicates that

Research on the Aka hunters and gatherers of Central Africa reveals that a strong father-infant relationship is

__________ involves creating child-rearing environments that recognize each child's temperament while simultaneously encouraging more adaptive functioning.

Discuss the involvement of fathers as it relates to attachment security. How do mothers and fathers differ in their caregiving?

Babies' earliest emotional life consists of which two global arousal states?

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Filters

From 4 to 6 months into the second year, angry expressions in .