Question 1

In homes where fathers devote as much or more time to child care as mothers,

Accepted Answer

A)  the result is feminine behavior in boys and masculine behavior in girls. 
B)  children tend to be more gender-typed in emotional expression. 
C)  sons tend to be more emotionally sensitive and daughters more self-confident. 
D)  daughters are likely to judge themselves as less competent. 
A)  the result is feminine behavior in boys and masculine behavior in girls. 
B)  children tend to be more gender-typed in emotional expression. 
C)  sons tend to be more emotionally sensitive and daughters more self-confident. 
D)  daughters are likely to judge themselves as less competent.

Question 2

Observations of mothers and fathers interacting with their youngsters in teaching situations reveal that parents continue to

Accepted Answer

A)  demand greater independence from girls than boys. 
B)  demand greater independence from boys than girls. 
C)  emphasize emotions and feelings with boys more so than with girls. 
D)  emphasize emotions and feelings with girls more so than with boys. 
A)  demand greater independence from girls than boys. 
B)  demand greater independence from boys than girls. 
C)  emphasize emotions and feelings with boys more so than with girls. 
D)  emphasize emotions and feelings with girls more so than with boys.

Question 3

According to the Swedish "equal roles family model,"

Accepted Answer

A)  husbands should be more responsible for housework and child care than wives. 
B)  wives should be more responsible for housework than husbands, while husbands should be more responsible for children than wives. 
C)  stay-at-home wives and mothers should earn a salary for their child-care and household responsibilities. 
D)  husband and wife should have the same opportunity to pursue a career and should be equally responsible for housework and child care. 
A)  husbands should be more responsible for housework and child care than wives. 
B)  wives should be more responsible for housework than husbands, while husbands should be more responsible for children than wives. 
C)  stay-at-home wives and mothers should earn a salary for their child-care and household responsibilities. 
D)  husband and wife should have the same opportunity to pursue a career and should be equally responsible for housework and child care.

Question 4

Symptoms of depression

Accepted Answer

A)  in children are easily detected by adults. 
B)  occur twice as often in teenage girls as boys. 
C)  are similar for teenage boys and girls. 
D)  are more obvious in boys than in girls. 
A)  in children are easily detected by adults. 
B)  occur twice as often in teenage girls as boys. 
C)  are similar for teenage boys and girls. 
D)  are more obvious in boys than in girls.

Question 5

The gender gap in complex mathematical reasoning is particularly large and favors males in __________ tasks, but differences in __________ tasks are weak or nonexistent.

Accepted Answer

A)  mental rotation; spatial visualization 
B)  mental rotation; spatial perception 
C)  spatial perception; mental rotation 
D)  spatial visualization; mental rotation 
A)  mental rotation; spatial visualization 
B)  mental rotation; spatial perception 
C)  spatial perception; mental rotation 
D)  spatial visualization; mental rotation

Question 6

In classrooms, men and women teachers alike value obedience and discourage assertiveness. This is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  gender congruence. 
B)  a "masculine bias." 
C)  a "feminine bias." 
D)  gender typicality. 
A)  gender congruence. 
B)  a "masculine bias." 
C)  a "feminine bias." 
D)  gender typicality.

Question 7

Parents actively reinforce __________ in boys and __________ in girls.

Accepted Answer

A)  supportive talk; demands for attention 
B)  independence; dependency 
C)  closeness; emotionality 
D)  emotional sensitivity; emotional restraint 
A)  supportive talk; demands for attention 
B)  independence; dependency 
C)  closeness; emotionality 
D)  emotional sensitivity; emotional restraint

Question 8

Reflecting the gender stereotypes of his age group, 4-year-old Youssef is likely to say that

Accepted Answer

A)  it is OK for boys to dress up in skirts or jewelry. 
B)  girls cannot be doctors or police officers. 
C)  girls can grow up to be anything they want to be. 
D)  it is OK if boys want to play with dolls. 
A)  it is OK for boys to dress up in skirts or jewelry. 
B)  girls cannot be doctors or police officers. 
C)  girls can grow up to be anything they want to be. 
D)  it is OK if boys want to play with dolls.

Question 9

In longitudinal research, mothers rated first-grade __________ as more competent than __________ at __________, regardless of their child's actual performance.

Accepted Answer

A)  daughters; sons; science 
B)  sons; daughters; language arts 
C)  daughters; sons; math 
D)  sons; daughters; math 
A)  daughters; sons; science 
B)  sons; daughters; language arts 
C)  daughters; sons; math 
D)  sons; daughters; math

Question 10

One advantage of using meta-analysis to study sex differences is that it

Accepted Answer

A)  allows conclusions based on single studies. 
B)  calculates conclusions using small samples. 
C)  provides an estimate of the size of the sex differences. 
D)  requires little data, yet provides precise information. 
A)  allows conclusions based on single studies. 
B)  calculates conclusions using small samples. 
C)  provides an estimate of the size of the sex differences. 
D)  requires little data, yet provides precise information.

Question 11

Mr. Donnelly wants to reduce gender stereotyping in his classroom and has decided to form mixed-sex activity groups. To be successful, however,

Accepted Answer

A)  a token system of reward and punishment must be established. 
B)  interventions may have to modify the styles of social influence typically learned in same-sex peer relations. 
C)  he must delegate specific activities to boys and girls. 
D)  boys and girls must learn how to behave like the other sex. 
A)  a token system of reward and punishment must be established. 
B)  interventions may have to modify the styles of social influence typically learned in same-sex peer relations. 
C)  he must delegate specific activities to boys and girls. 
D)  boys and girls must learn how to behave like the other sex.

Question 12

One possible explanation for girls being ahead of boys in language progress is

Accepted Answer

A)  that parents use more child-directed speech with their infant daughters than their infant sons. 
B)  a biological advantage in earlier development of the left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex. 
C)  that female infants initiate more "conversations" with caregivers than male infants. 
D)  that adults reinforce female infants more than male infants when they begin to coo and babble. 
A)  that parents use more child-directed speech with their infant daughters than their infant sons. 
B)  a biological advantage in earlier development of the left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex. 
C)  that female infants initiate more "conversations" with caregivers than male infants. 
D)  that adults reinforce female infants more than male infants when they begin to coo and babble.

Question 13

When Kayla sees a truck on the floor she wonders, "Should girls play with trucks?" She decides to leave the truck on the floor and looks for a different toy. Kayla is

Accepted Answer

A)  not using a gender-salience filter. 
B)  using an interest filter to determine with what to play. 
C)  a gender-aschematic child. 
D)  a gender-schematic child. 
A)  not using a gender-salience filter. 
B)  using an interest filter to determine with what to play. 
C)  a gender-aschematic child. 
D)  a gender-schematic child.

Question 14

Zara has a career-oriented mother. Compared to other girls, Zara is more likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  view her mother as distant and unavailable. 
B)  have higher educational aspirations. 
C)  have lower educational aspirations. 
D)  have lower self-esteem and achieve poorly in school. 
A)  view her mother as distant and unavailable. 
B)  have higher educational aspirations. 
C)  have lower educational aspirations. 
D)  have lower self-esteem and achieve poorly in school.

Question 15

When asked to self-evaluate her gender identity, Lulu says she feels similar to other girls. Lulu can be described as a gender-__________ child.

Accepted Answer

A)  contented 
B)  typical 
C)  stereotyped 
D)  atypical 
A)  contented 
B)  typical 
C)  stereotyped 
D)  atypical

Question 16

Twenty-year-old Neil is asked to observe an infant wearing only a diaper, and is told the baby is a girl when in fact it is a boy. What traits will Neil most likely use to describe the baby?

Accepted Answer

A)  firm, strong 
B)  well-coordinated, hardy 
C)  delicate, with fine features 
D)  very alert, perceptive 
A)  firm, strong 
B)  well-coordinated, hardy 
C)  delicate, with fine features 
D)  very alert, perceptive

Question 17

Cross-cultural findings reveal that most societies promote

Accepted Answer

A)  the genetically primed dominance of females. 
B)  instrumental traits in males and expressive traits in females. 
C)  the competition for mates among females. 
D)  greater androgynous behavior among males than females. 
A)  the genetically primed dominance of females. 
B)  instrumental traits in males and expressive traits in females. 
C)  the competition for mates among females. 
D)  greater androgynous behavior among males than females.

Question 18

Abu is a gender-atypical child who feels intense pressure to conform to his gender role. Abu is likely to display

Accepted Answer

A)  gains in self-esteem during middle childhood. 
B)  "feminine" behavior at home and "masculine" behavior with his peers. 
C)  aggressive, acting-out behaviors. 
D)  characteristics such as withdrawal, sadness, and anxiety. 
A)  gains in self-esteem during middle childhood. 
B)  "feminine" behavior at home and "masculine" behavior with his peers. 
C)  aggressive, acting-out behaviors. 
D)  characteristics such as withdrawal, sadness, and anxiety.

Question 19

Parents who give their sons toys that stress action and competition

Accepted Answer

A)  encourage aggression and antisocial behavior in their children. 
B)  also provide their daughters with toys that stress action and competition. 
C)  encourage gender-specific play activities and behaviors. 
D)  promote gender-typing more strongly during middle childhood than preschool. 
A)  encourage aggression and antisocial behavior in their children. 
B)  also provide their daughters with toys that stress action and competition. 
C)  encourage gender-specific play activities and behaviors. 
D)  promote gender-typing more strongly during middle childhood than preschool.

Question 20

Which of the following children would be judged most harshly by other children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Monica, who does not like to play with dolls 
B)  Kate, who likes to play football 
C)  Roger, who likes to play with dolls 
D)  Eric, who does not like to play with younger children 
A)  Monica, who does not like to play with dolls 
B)  Kate, who likes to play football 
C)  Roger, who likes to play with dolls 
D)  Eric, who does not like to play with younger children

In homes where fathers devote as much or more time to child care as mothers,

Observations of mothers and fathers interacting with their youngsters in teaching situations reveal that parents continue to

According to the Swedish "equal roles family model,"

Symptoms of depression

The gender gap in complex mathematical reasoning is particularly large and favors males in tasks, but differences in tasks are weak or nonexistent.

In classrooms, men and women teachers alike value obedience and discourage assertiveness. This is referred to as

Parents actively reinforce in boys and in girls.

Reflecting the gender stereotypes of his age group, 4-year-old Youssef is likely to say that

In longitudinal research, mothers rated first-grade as more competent than at __, regardless of their child's actual performance.

One advantage of using meta-analysis to study sex differences is that it

Mr. Donnelly wants to reduce gender stereotyping in his classroom and has decided to form mixed-sex activity groups. To be successful, however,

One possible explanation for girls being ahead of boys in language progress is

When Kayla sees a truck on the floor she wonders, "Should girls play with trucks?" She decides to leave the truck on the floor and looks for a different toy. Kayla is

Zara has a career-oriented mother. Compared to other girls, Zara is more likely to

When asked to self-evaluate her gender identity, Lulu says she feels similar to other girls. Lulu can be described as a gender-__________ child.

Twenty-year-old Neil is asked to observe an infant wearing only a diaper, and is told the baby is a girl when in fact it is a boy. What traits will Neil most likely use to describe the baby?

Cross-cultural findings reveal that most societies promote

Abu is a gender-atypical child who feels intense pressure to conform to his gender role. Abu is likely to display

Parents who give their sons toys that stress action and competition

Which of the following children would be judged most harshly by other children?

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

Exam 13: Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

In homes where fathers devote as much or more time to child care as mothers,

Observations of mothers and fathers interacting with their youngsters in teaching situations reveal that parents continue to

According to the Swedish "equal roles family model,"

Symptoms of depression

The gender gap in complex mathematical reasoning is particularly large and favors males in __________ tasks, but differences in __________ tasks are weak or nonexistent.

In classrooms, men and women teachers alike value obedience and discourage assertiveness. This is referred to as

Parents actively reinforce __________ in boys and __________ in girls.

Reflecting the gender stereotypes of his age group, 4-year-old Youssef is likely to say that

In longitudinal research, mothers rated first-grade __________ as more competent than __________ at __________, regardless of their child's actual performance.

One advantage of using meta-analysis to study sex differences is that it

Mr. Donnelly wants to reduce gender stereotyping in his classroom and has decided to form mixed-sex activity groups. To be successful, however,

One possible explanation for girls being ahead of boys in language progress is

When Kayla sees a truck on the floor she wonders, "Should girls play with trucks?" She decides to leave the truck on the floor and looks for a different toy. Kayla is

Zara has a career-oriented mother. Compared to other girls, Zara is more likely to

When asked to self-evaluate her gender identity, Lulu says she feels similar to other girls. Lulu can be described as a gender-__________ child.

Twenty-year-old Neil is asked to observe an infant wearing only a diaper, and is told the baby is a girl when in fact it is a boy. What traits will Neil most likely use to describe the baby?

Cross-cultural findings reveal that most societies promote

Abu is a gender-atypical child who feels intense pressure to conform to his gender role. Abu is likely to display

Parents who give their sons toys that stress action and competition

Which of the following children would be judged most harshly by other children?

History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

The gender gap in complex mathematical reasoning is particularly large and favors males in tasks, but differences in tasks are weak or nonexistent.

Parents actively reinforce in boys and in girls.

In longitudinal research, mothers rated first-grade as more competent than at __, regardless of their child's actual performance.