Question 1

According to Akers' differential association reinforcement theory,criminal behavior develops primarily as the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  frustration. 
B)  heightened expectancies that are innate in the individual. 
C)  social reinforcements given by significant others. 
D)  classical conditioning. 
A)  frustration. 
B)  heightened expectancies that are innate in the individual. 
C)  social reinforcements given by significant others. 
D)  classical conditioning.

Question 2

All of the following are examples of frustration-induced aggression except

Accepted Answer

A)  the 2015 protests in Ferguson, Missouri. 
B)  the 2014 demonstrations in Baltimore Maryland. 
C)  the 1993 riots in Los Angeles, California. 
D)  the 2011 occupy Wall Street movement. 
A)  the 2015 protests in Ferguson, Missouri. 
B)  the 2014 demonstrations in Baltimore Maryland. 
C)  the 1993 riots in Los Angeles, California. 
D)  the 2011 occupy Wall Street movement.

Question 3

Dehumanization is a type of disengagement.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Discuss the situational factors that can influence criminal behavior.In addition to those mentioned in this chapter,what others might be identified?

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary but should include:
Au

Question 5

Which of the following is a basic assumption of classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humans are automatons. 
B)  Humans are active learners. 
C)  Humans are good. 
D)  Humans are evil. 
A)  Humans are automatons. 
B)  Humans are active learners. 
C)  Humans are good. 
D)  Humans are evil.

Question 6

Which term refers to the idea that all complex behavior can be broken down into simple stimulus-response behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interactionism 
B)  Deindividuation 
C)  Reductionism 
D)  Extinction 
A)  Interactionism 
B)  Deindividuation 
C)  Reductionism 
D)  Extinction

Question 7

Social learning theorists believe that the ________ of behavior depends on reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Social learning theorists believe that the ________...

Question 8

In which situation is bystander apathy LEAST likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  A thief steals tires from a car parked on a busy street 
B)  An assailant snatches a purse on a crowded sidewalk 
C)  An assailant stabs someone in front of a lone jogger in a residential neighborhood 
D)  A thief steals a muffin from a bakery during the morning rush 
A)  A thief steals tires from a car parked on a busy street 
B)  An assailant snatches a purse on a crowded sidewalk 
C)  An assailant stabs someone in front of a lone jogger in a residential neighborhood 
D)  A thief steals a muffin from a bakery during the morning rush

Question 9

According to the frustration-induced theory of criminality,individuals who commit larceny during riots are motivated by revenge.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

In his recent theory,Bandura states that before people can engage in behavior that violates their moral principles they must

Accepted Answer

A)  learn the techniques of that behavior. 
B)  believe that the reward outweighs the punishment. 
C)  reject their moral principles. 
D)  disengage from their moral principles. 
A)  learn the techniques of that behavior. 
B)  believe that the reward outweighs the punishment. 
C)  reject their moral principles. 
D)  disengage from their moral principles.

Question 11

B.F.Skinner is considered the father of behaviorism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Studies of moral disengagement among adolescents indicate that it often declines with ________,and this finding is associated with an accompanying decline in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  academic performance; cognitive processes 
B)  age; antisocial behavior 
C)  socialization; parental monitoring 
D)  intelligence; moral aptitude 
A)  academic performance; cognitive processes 
B)  age; antisocial behavior 
C)  socialization; parental monitoring 
D)  intelligence; moral aptitude

Question 13

Akers' differential association reinforcement theory is based largely on the criminological theory of

Accepted Answer

A)  Edwin Sutherland. 
B)  Albert Bandura. 
C)  B.F. Skinner. 
D)  Walter Miller. 
A)  Edwin Sutherland. 
B)  Albert Bandura. 
C)  B.F. Skinner. 
D)  Walter Miller.

Question 14

Compare and contrast Sutherland's differential association theory and Akers' differential association-reinforcement theory.

Accepted Answer

Sutherland's differential association th

Question 15

Behaviorism is to ________ as social learning is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  biological drives; socialization 
B)  objectivity; subjectivity 
C)  reinforcement; environmental stimuli 
D)  environmental stimuli; cognition 
A)  biological drives; socialization 
B)  objectivity; subjectivity 
C)  reinforcement; environmental stimuli 
D)  environmental stimuli; cognition

Question 16

Which of the following conclusions is supported by Philip Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Situational variables are powerful determinants of behavior. 
B)  An individual's personality is more important than situational factors in determining behavior. 
C)  Most people remain true to their principles, even when put into psychologically compelling situations. 
D)  People do not easily become deindividuated. 
A)  Situational variables are powerful determinants of behavior. 
B)  An individual's personality is more important than situational factors in determining behavior. 
C)  Most people remain true to their principles, even when put into psychologically compelling situations. 
D)  People do not easily become deindividuated.

Question 17

Milgram's obedience studies found that ________ of people are willing to shock a victim with high s of electric shock primarily on the basis of request from an experimenter.

Accepted Answer

A)  a majority (or about two-thirds) 
B)  a small portion (less than 10%) 
C)  about 25 percent 
D)  about half 
A)  a majority (or about two-thirds) 
B)  a small portion (less than 10%) 
C)  about 25 percent 
D)  about half

Question 18

Increasing desired behavior by distributing rewards is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction. 
B)  negative reinforcement. 
C)  punishment. 
D)  positive reinforcement. 
A)  extinction. 
B)  negative reinforcement. 
C)  punishment. 
D)  positive reinforcement.

Question 19

Skinner argued that the most effective way to eliminate behavior was through extinction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

According to the text,in order to fully understand criminal behavior,it is important to regard all individuals as passive participants in their environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

According to Akers' differential association reinforcement theory,criminal behavior develops primarily as the result of

All of the following are examples of frustration-induced aggression except

Dehumanization is a type of disengagement.

Discuss the situational factors that can influence criminal behavior.In addition to those mentioned in this chapter,what others might be identified?

Which of the following is a basic assumption of classical conditioning?

Which term refers to the idea that all complex behavior can be broken down into simple stimulus-response behavior?

Social learning theorists believe that the ________ of behavior depends on reinforcement.

In which situation is bystander apathy LEAST likely to occur?

According to the frustration-induced theory of criminality,individuals who commit larceny during riots are motivated by revenge.

In his recent theory,Bandura states that before people can engage in behavior that violates their moral principles they must

B.F.Skinner is considered the father of behaviorism.

Studies of moral disengagement among adolescents indicate that it often declines with ,and this finding is associated with an accompanying decline in .

Akers' differential association reinforcement theory is based largely on the criminological theory of

Compare and contrast Sutherland's differential association theory and Akers' differential association-reinforcement theory.

Behaviorism is to as social learning is to .

Which of the following conclusions is supported by Philip Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment?

Milgram's obedience studies found that ________ of people are willing to shock a victim with high s of electric shock primarily on the basis of request from an experimenter.

Increasing desired behavior by distributing rewards is known as

Skinner argued that the most effective way to eliminate behavior was through extinction.

According to the text,in order to fully understand criminal behavior,it is important to regard all individuals as passive participants in their environment.

Introduction to Criminal Behavior

Origins of Criminal Behavior: Developmental Risk Factors

Origins of Criminal Behavior: Biological Factors

Human Aggression and Violence

Juvenile Delinquincy

Criminal Psychopathy

Crime and Mental Disorders

Homicide, Assault, and Family Violence

Multiple Murder, School, and Workplace Violence

Psychology of Terrorism

Sexual Assault

Sexual Assault of Children and Youth

Burglary, Home Invasions, Thefts, and White Collar Offenses

Violent Economic Crime, Cybercrime, and Crimes of Intimidation

Substance Abuse, Alcohol, and Crime

Filters

Exam 4: Origins of Criminal Behavior: Learning and Situational Factors

According to Akers' differential association reinforcement theory,criminal behavior develops primarily as the result of

All of the following are examples of frustration-induced aggression except

Dehumanization is a type of disengagement.

Discuss the situational factors that can influence criminal behavior.In addition to those mentioned in this chapter,what others might be identified?

Which of the following is a basic assumption of classical conditioning?

Which term refers to the idea that all complex behavior can be broken down into simple stimulus-response behavior?

Social learning theorists believe that the ________ of behavior depends on reinforcement.

In which situation is bystander apathy LEAST likely to occur?

According to the frustration-induced theory of criminality,individuals who commit larceny during riots are motivated by revenge.

In his recent theory,Bandura states that before people can engage in behavior that violates their moral principles they must

B.F.Skinner is considered the father of behaviorism.

Studies of moral disengagement among adolescents indicate that it often declines with ________,and this finding is associated with an accompanying decline in ________.

Akers' differential association reinforcement theory is based largely on the criminological theory of

Compare and contrast Sutherland's differential association theory and Akers' differential association-reinforcement theory.

Behaviorism is to ________ as social learning is to ________.

Which of the following conclusions is supported by Philip Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment?

Milgram's obedience studies found that ________ of people are willing to shock a victim with high s of electric shock primarily on the basis of request from an experimenter.

Increasing desired behavior by distributing rewards is known as

Skinner argued that the most effective way to eliminate behavior was through extinction.

According to the text,in order to fully understand criminal behavior,it is important to regard all individuals as passive participants in their environment.

Introduction to Criminal Behavior

Origins of Criminal Behavior: Developmental Risk Factors

Origins of Criminal Behavior: Biological Factors

Human Aggression and Violence

Juvenile Delinquincy

Criminal Psychopathy

Crime and Mental Disorders

Homicide, Assault, and Family Violence

Multiple Murder, School, and Workplace Violence

Psychology of Terrorism

Sexual Assault

Sexual Assault of Children and Youth

Burglary, Home Invasions, Thefts, and White Collar Offenses

Violent Economic Crime, Cybercrime, and Crimes of Intimidation

Substance Abuse, Alcohol, and Crime

Filters

Studies of moral disengagement among adolescents indicate that it often declines with ,and this finding is associated with an accompanying decline in .

Behaviorism is to as social learning is to .