Question 1

What percentage of vitamin D from the diet is absorbed?

Accepted Answer

A) 20% 
B) 30% 
C) 40% 
D) 50% 
A) 20% 
B) 30% 
C) 40% 
D) 50% D

Question 2

Describe how vitamin A affects bone growth.

Accepted Answer

​Grading rubric - answer should include the following items:
Bone growth and resorption rely on cells called osteoblasts and osteoclasts,respectively.A vitamin A deficiency will cause excess deposition of bone by osteoblasts and a reduction in bone degradation by osteoclasts because it stimulates the former and suppresses the latter.An excess of vitamin A will cause the reverse to occur.Osteoclasts will be stimulated causing excess bone resorption and osteoblasts will be suppressed leading to a decrease in bone density.This might lead to an increased risk of bone fracture.

Question 3

Match the factor to its correct action.
-XIIIa

Accepted Answer

A) becomes activated in the presence of thromboplastin 
B) creates insoluble fibrin for final clot formation 
C) converts prothrombin into thrombin 
D) works with factor IXa to activate factor X 
E) activates factor IX" 
A) becomes activated in the presence of thromboplastin 
B) creates insoluble fibrin for final clot formation 
C) converts prothrombin into thrombin 
D) works with factor IXa to activate factor X 
E) activates factor IX" B

Question 4

If asked about the relationship of vitamin D to autoimmune disease,the best information for a dietetic professional to provide is ____.

Accepted Answer

A) that the evidence does not support a relationship at this time 
B) that the evidence is only in animals, not humans 
C) that some evidence suggests a protective effect of vitamin D 
D) to take a supplement containing 2000 IU vitamin D each day 
A) that the evidence does not support a relationship at this time 
B) that the evidence is only in animals, not humans 
C) that some evidence suggests a protective effect of vitamin D 
D) to take a supplement containing 2000 IU vitamin D each day

Question 5

Subclinical vitamin K deficiency may be associated with diminished bone mineral density and increased fracture rates.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Calcium homeostasis in the blood depends on intestinal absorption,bone resorption,and kidney reabsorption.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Vitamin D increases the abundance of calbindin (Ca++ transporter)in enterocytes by increasing the transcription of the calbindin gene.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which vitamin D molecule would you expect to see in fortified foods?

Accepted Answer

A) ergocalciferol-vitamin D₂ 
B) calcidiol-25-OH D₃ 
C) calcitriol-1,25-OH₂ D₃ 
D) cholecalciferol-vitamin D₃ 
A) ergocalciferol-vitamin D₂ 
B) calcidiol-25-OH D₃ 
C) calcitriol-1,25-OH₂ D₃ 
D) cholecalciferol-vitamin D₃

Question 9

Although for micronutrients increasing the amount of a protein by directly inducing gene expression is certainly a common mechanism,we have encountered other mechanisms by which vitamins can regulate proteins.Provide one example of posttranslational modification,being as specific as possible.

Accepted Answer

?A possible example is vitamin K,which i

Question 10

Which antioxidant is most effective in rapidly eliminating hydroxyl radicals prior to initiation of oxidative damage?

Accepted Answer

A) vitamin E 
B) vitamin C 
C) vitamin K 
D) beta-carotene 
A) vitamin E 
B) vitamin C 
C) vitamin K 
D) beta-carotene

Question 11

Indicate: (1)the active form of vitamin K, (2)the general function of vitamin K,and (3)an example of the general function (this could be a specific reaction or simply indicate a pathway/ process where it occurs).Your answers do not need to be long!

Accepted Answer

​Vitamin K
(1)Dihydrovitamin K

Question 12

Choose the food that is rich in vitamin A palmitate.

Accepted Answer

A) spinach 
B) liver 
C) carrots 
D) pumpkin 
A) spinach 
B) liver 
C) carrots 
D) pumpkin

Question 13

Choose the ONE correct statement.

Accepted Answer

A) Beta-carotene is hydrolyzed in the jejunum before it is absorbed. 
B) Retinol does not need to form a micelle to cross the USW. 
C) Beta-carotene dioxygenase activity occurs in the lumen of the ileum. 
D) Retinol must be reesterified to be carried in the chylomicron. 
A) Beta-carotene is hydrolyzed in the jejunum before it is absorbed. 
B) Retinol does not need to form a micelle to cross the USW. 
C) Beta-carotene dioxygenase activity occurs in the lumen of the ileum. 
D) Retinol must be reesterified to be carried in the chylomicron.

Question 14

Match the factor to its correct action.
-XIa

Accepted Answer

A) becomes activated in the presence of thromboplastin 
B) creates insoluble fibrin for final clot formation 
C) converts prothrombin into thrombin 
D) works with factor IXa to activate factor X 
E) activates factor IX" 
A) becomes activated in the presence of thromboplastin 
B) creates insoluble fibrin for final clot formation 
C) converts prothrombin into thrombin 
D) works with factor IXa to activate factor X 
E) activates factor IX"

Question 15

Would you recommend β-carotene supplementation to a smoker to decrease the risk of lung cancer?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes-β-carotene can quench singlet oxygen. 
B) Yes-smoking increases free radical formation; β-carotene can decrease free radicals. 
C) No-β-carotene supplements may be harmful to smokers and their use is not advised for the general public. 
D) No-β-carotene supplements can cause vitamin A toxicity and liver cirrhosis. 
A) Yes-β-carotene can quench singlet oxygen. 
B) Yes-smoking increases free radical formation; β-carotene can decrease free radicals. 
C) No-β-carotene supplements may be harmful to smokers and their use is not advised for the general public. 
D) No-β-carotene supplements can cause vitamin A toxicity and liver cirrhosis.

Question 16

Risk of vitamin K deficiency is greatest in ____.

Accepted Answer

A) newborns 
B) children 
C) adolescents 
D) older people 
A) newborns 
B) children 
C) adolescents 
D) older people

Question 17

Which bacteria produce vitamin K and in what form? Because this production is not sufficient to meet the body's needs,name five foods that provide large amounts of vitamin K and in which form.

Accepted Answer

​Grading rubric - answer should include

Question 18

The best source of vitamin D per recommended serving is ____.

Accepted Answer

A) liver 
B) tuna fish 
C) swordfish 
D) cod liver oil 
A) liver 
B) tuna fish 
C) swordfish 
D) cod liver oil

Question 19

Many anticoagulants work by inhibiting the regeneration of active vitamin K (i.e.,dihydrovitamin KH₂)during the vitamin K cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

​Instructions: Use the molecules below to answer the next three questions.

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)  
-Which is molecule is retinoic acid? 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
A)   
B)   
C)   
D)  
-Which is molecule is retinoic acid? 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D

What percentage of vitamin D from the diet is absorbed?

Describe how vitamin A affects bone growth.

Match the factor to its correct action. -XIIIa

If asked about the relationship of vitamin D to autoimmune disease,the best information for a dietetic professional to provide is ____.

Subclinical vitamin K deficiency may be associated with diminished bone mineral density and increased fracture rates.

Calcium homeostasis in the blood depends on intestinal absorption,bone resorption,and kidney reabsorption.

Vitamin D increases the abundance of calbindin (Ca++ transporter)in enterocytes by increasing the transcription of the calbindin gene.

Which vitamin D molecule would you expect to see in fortified foods?

Although for micronutrients increasing the amount of a protein by directly inducing gene expression is certainly a common mechanism,we have encountered other mechanisms by which vitamins can regulate proteins.Provide one example of posttranslational modification,being as specific as possible.

Which antioxidant is most effective in rapidly eliminating hydroxyl radicals prior to initiation of oxidative damage?

Indicate: (1)the active form of vitamin K, (2)the general function of vitamin K,and (3)an example of the general function (this could be a specific reaction or simply indicate a pathway/ process where it occurs).Your answers do not need to be long!

Choose the food that is rich in vitamin A palmitate.

Choose the ONE correct statement.

Match the factor to its correct action. -XIa

Would you recommend β-carotene supplementation to a smoker to decrease the risk of lung cancer?

Risk of vitamin K deficiency is greatest in ____.

Which bacteria produce vitamin K and in what form? Because this production is not sufficient to meet the body's needs,name five foods that provide large amounts of vitamin K and in which form.

The best source of vitamin D per recommended serving is ____.

Many anticoagulants work by inhibiting the regeneration of active vitamin K (i.e.,dihydrovitamin KH₂)during the vitamin K cycle.

Instructions: Use the molecules below to answer the next three questions. A) B) C) D) -Which is molecule is retinoic acid?

The Cell: A Microcosm of Life

The Digestive System: Mechanism for Nourishing the Body

Carbohydrates

Fiber

Lipids

Protein

Integration and Regulation of Metabolism and the Impact of Exercise

Energy Expenditure, Body Composition, and Healthy Weight

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Major Minerals

Water and Electrolytes

Essential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Nonessential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Filters

Exam 10: Fat-Soluble Vitamins

What percentage of vitamin D from the diet is absorbed?

Describe how vitamin A affects bone growth.

Match the factor to its correct action. -XIIIa

If asked about the relationship of vitamin D to autoimmune disease,the best information for a dietetic professional to provide is ____.

Subclinical vitamin K deficiency may be associated with diminished bone mineral density and increased fracture rates.

Calcium homeostasis in the blood depends on intestinal absorption,bone resorption,and kidney reabsorption.

Vitamin D increases the abundance of calbindin (Ca++ transporter)in enterocytes by increasing the transcription of the calbindin gene.

Which vitamin D molecule would you expect to see in fortified foods?

Although for micronutrients increasing the amount of a protein by directly inducing gene expression is certainly a common mechanism,we have encountered other mechanisms by which vitamins can regulate proteins.Provide one example of posttranslational modification,being as specific as possible.

Which antioxidant is most effective in rapidly eliminating hydroxyl radicals prior to initiation of oxidative damage?

Indicate: (1)the active form of vitamin K, (2)the general function of vitamin K,and (3)an example of the general function (this could be a specific reaction or simply indicate a pathway/ process where it occurs).Your answers do not need to be long!

Choose the food that is rich in vitamin A palmitate.

Choose the ONE correct statement.

Match the factor to its correct action. -XIa

Would you recommend β-carotene supplementation to a smoker to decrease the risk of lung cancer?

Risk of vitamin K deficiency is greatest in ____.

Which bacteria produce vitamin K and in what form? Because this production is not sufficient to meet the body's needs,name five foods that provide large amounts of vitamin K and in which form.

The best source of vitamin D per recommended serving is ____.

Many anticoagulants work by inhibiting the regeneration of active vitamin K (i.e.,dihydrovitamin KH₂)during the vitamin K cycle.

​Instructions: Use the molecules below to answer the next three questions. A) B) C) D) -Which is molecule is retinoic acid?

The Cell: A Microcosm of Life

The Digestive System: Mechanism for Nourishing the Body

Carbohydrates

Fiber

Lipids

Protein

Integration and Regulation of Metabolism and the Impact of Exercise

Energy Expenditure, Body Composition, and Healthy Weight

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Major Minerals

Water and Electrolytes

Essential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Nonessential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Filters

Instructions: Use the molecules below to answer the next three questions. A) B) C) D) -Which is molecule is retinoic acid?