Chat with AIExam 12: Water and Electrolytes
What are the recommended Adequate Intake (AI)values of water for adults? What factors will cause modifications in these values?
(74) 
VerifiedGrading rubric - answer should include the following items:
The AI recommendation for adult females is 2.7 L and for adult males is 3.7 L,which allows for intake from foods and beverages consumed daily. These amounts will vary based on age,gender,environment,level of physical activity,rate of metabolism,level of energy intake and body weight.
Water is lost from the body each day primarily through ____.
(88) VerifiedC
What is the normal serum sodium concentration? Why are serum sodium concentrations indicative of fluid balance?
(71) VerifiedGrading rubric - answer should include the following items:
The normal serum sodium concentration is 135-145 mEq/L.The concentrations are indicative of fluid balance as a reflection of the level of dilution.Low sodium concentrations (hyponatremia)reflect excessive fluid in the plasma which means that the concentration is diluted by the additional fluid.High sodium concentrations (hypernatremia)reflect fluid loss so that the sodium is more concentrated due to the lower water levels.
In the kidneys,80% of plasma that does not enter the glomerulus flows through the afferent arterioles.
(65) Match the deficiency symptom with the hormone or electrolyte.
-aldosterone
(72) Discuss the sequence of events of the maintenance of fluid homeostasis by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
(79) The reaction H?O + CO? ? H?CO3 ? HCO3- + H+ represents water's role in ____.
(74) Which hormone,mediated by the enzyme renin,is primarily responsible for active reabsorption of sodium ions in the distal and collecting tubules?
(75) Which of the following foods is associated with reduced blood pressure?
(86) Of these blood proteins,which one contributes most to buffering?
(76) Increased intakes of which mineral have been shown to lower blood pressure,especially in those with hypertension?
(67) To maintain the cell's resting membrane potential,potassium's intracellular to extracellular ratio is important.
(90) Which of the physiological buffers is able to neutralize both acids and bases?
(78) Match each hormone or enzyme with its site of production and function in regulating fluid and electrolyte balance.
-angiotensin II
(75) Which of the following is NOT one of the principal regulatory mechanisms for guarding against fluctuation in pH?
(84) 
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