Exam 3: Carbohydrates

A number of metabolic pathways have a problem in that certain components required for them to function are found in either the cytosol or the mitochondria,and some intermediates cannot cross the membrane.This requires that certain compounds be shuttled from one compartment to the other.Explain this shuttling process for either: (a)glycolysis/TCA cycle OR (b)gluconeogenesis.Your answer should include what needs to be shuttled,why it needs to be shuttled,and how this is accomplished.

Which disaccharide is commonly found in mushrooms?

What is the most common digestible homopolysaccharide existing as both amylose and amylopectin?

Match the transporter proteins with their major site of expression. -GLUT2

Due to a lack of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase,which tissue capable of glycogenesis cannot contribute to blood glucose levels between meals?

Which tissue has the least activity of the pentose phosphate pathway?

Match the transporter proteins with their major site of expression. -GLUT1

Pentose sugars provide more dietary energy than hexose sugars.

During the end reaction of the electron transport chain,molecular oxygen becomes ____.

All cells have mitochondria,which act as the main site for ATP production.

Choose the best description of the main method of glucose absorption.

Glycemic load considers the ____ in the food.

Sucrose digestion is initiated in the ____.

All of the following are substrates for gluconeogenesis EXCEPT ____.

The majority of energy in the typical American diet comes from ____.

Match the transporter proteins with their major site of expression. -GLUT4

In anaerobic conditions the NADH produced in glycolysis is not reoxidized by oxygen in the mitochondria but is oxidized to NAD in the cytoplasm by an enzyme.What is the enzyme and what is the importance of this reaction for conditions of low oxygen level?

Match the transporter proteins with their major site of expression. -GLUT5

Which process produces glucose-6-phosphate from noncarbohydrate sources?

People with type 1 diabetes have ____.