Exam 2: Culture.

During a sermon in church, a parishioner begins to talk to the person sitting next to her in an audible tone of voice. A man in another pew turns around, frowns at her, and says "Shhhhhhhh." This illustrates a(n) __________.

Whereas folkways are more informal, mores are more strongly held.

After hitting 60 home runs and leading the league in runs batted in, the league's managers and players voted to award Robert the "Babe Ruth" Trophy. In this situation, Robert has received what sociologists call a __________.

According to sociologists, __________ is the practice of judging all other cultures by one's own culture. It is based on the assumption that one's own way of life is superior to all others.

During Olympic Games, competition and the spirits of nationalism and patriotism encourage people to think of their own nation as "the best." This illustrates the principle of __________.

Identify and compare the forms that popular culture takes.

Discuss the ten American core values identified by sociologist Robin Williams.

__________ consists of activities, products, and services that are assumed to appeal primarily to members of the middle and working classes. These include rock concerts, spectator sports, movies, and television soap operas and situation comedies.

A __________ is a category of people who share distinguishing attributes, beliefs, values, and/or norms that set them apart in some significant manner from the dominant culture.

__________ is/are a set of symbols that expresses ideas and enables people to think and communicate with one another.

Initially, items of __________ begin as raw materials or resources such as ore, trees, and oil. Through technology, these raw materials are transformed into usable items (ranging from books and computers to guns and tanks).

The Durkheim-Whorf theory has suggested that language expresses our thoughts and perceptions but has little influence on our perception of reality.

A __________ is a large social grouping that occupies the same geographical territory and is subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.

Clay is a high ranking executive of the Harley-Davidson Company. He is a member of the Free Wheelers, a motorcycle group. On the weekends, the Free Wheelers go camping and fishing and often sponsor community service programs. Clay would be considered a member of a(n) __________.

__________ may be based on tradition, faith, experience, scientific research, or some combination of these. Faith in a supreme being and trust in another person are examples.

__________ consists of the physical or tangible creations that members of a society make, use, and share.

Anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski suggested that culture helps people meet their needs. Which of the following need categories did Malinowski not identify?

Shaking our fist at someone or giving them "the finger" are examples of gestures. Gestures make up

__________ is the transmission of cultural items or social practices from one group or society to another through such means as exploration, military endeavors, the media, tourism, and immigration.

Contrast ideal culture and real culture and provide examples of each.