Exam 2: Culture.

Spiders do not learn to build webs. They build webs because of __________ that are triggered by basic biological needs such as protection and reproduction.

__________ theorists tend to believe that shared values are essential for societies and have conducted most of the research on "core" values. Sociologist Robin Williams has identified ten "core" values as being important to people in the United States.

__________ culture consists of classical music, opera, ballet, live theater, and other activities usually patronized by elite audiences, composed primarily of members of the upper-middle and upper classes, who have the time, money, and knowledge assumed to be necessary for its appreciation.

__________ state what behavior is inappropriate or unacceptable. Laws that prohibit us from driving over the speed limit and "good manners" that preclude you from reading a newspaper during class are examples.

In relation to the nature versus nurture issue, compare the following elements: instinct, reflex, and drive.

Describe how language may create and reinforce our perceptions about sex and gender by transmitting preconceived ideas about the superiority one category of people over another.

"The Order," a white supremacist group, is opposed to most of the values of the dominant society and has purchased weapons with the purpose of going after its enemies. This group can best be described as a __________.

Our cultural tool box is divided into two major parts. Differentiate between material culture and nonmaterial culture.

State the definitions for culture shock, ethnocentrism, and cultural relativism, and explain the relationship between these three concepts.

According to the text, __________, located in cities such as San Francisco, Los Angeles, and New York, are one of the more visible ethnic subcultures in the United States.

A __________ is a currently valued style of behavior, thinking, or appearance that is longer lasting and more widespread than a fad.

Sociologists stress that a gap always exists between ideal culture and real culture in a society. Ideal culture refers to the values and standards of behavior that people actually follow; whereas, real culture refers to the values and standards of behavior that people in a society profess to hold.

__________ are collective ideas about what is right or wrong, good or bad, and desirable or undesirable in a particular culture.

__________ theorists believe that much of what has been written about culture in the Western world is Eurocentric-based on the uncritical assumption that European culture is the true, universal culture in which all the world's people ought to believe.

Discuss the four major components of culture.

Norms considered to be less important are referred to as __________, which are unwritten standards of behavior understood by people who share a common identity.

When anthropologist Napoleon Chagnon first confronted the Yanomamo tribe of South America, he became nauseated at the sight of their customs and social environment. Chagnon experienced __________.

Which is not a technique suggested by Daisy Kabagarama for communicating across cultures?

A central component of nonmaterial culture is __________, which is the mental acceptance or conviction that certain things are true or real.

People may claim to be law-abiding, but they engage in behaviors that are illegal. This exemplifies __________ culture, which refers to the values and standards of behavior that people actually follow.