Question 1

According to currently accepted scientific theories, Earth is never affected by catastrophes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Uniformitarianism assumes the physical processes now activity have been operating throughout the Earth's history.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The upper mantle is rigid, whereas the aesthenosphere is plastic-like.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Earth's magnetic field

Accepted Answer

A)  is variable, and it has faded to zero and returned to full strength with the polarity reversed. 
B)  is constant in its intensity. 
C)  remains a mystery as to its cause. 
D)  is principally generated in the inner core. 
A)  is variable, and it has faded to zero and returned to full strength with the polarity reversed. 
B)  is constant in its intensity. 
C)  remains a mystery as to its cause. 
D)  is principally generated in the inner core.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about Earth's core is not correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is composed primarily of iron. 
B)  The inner core is believed to be liquid and the outer core solid. 
C)  Scientists think the inner core formed before the outer core. 
D)  A third of the Earth's entire mass, but only 1/6ᵗʰ of its volume lies in its core. 
A)  It is composed primarily of iron. 
B)  The inner core is believed to be liquid and the outer core solid. 
C)  Scientists think the inner core formed before the outer core. 
D)  A third of the Earth's entire mass, but only 1/6ᵗʰ of its volume lies in its core.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of an intrusive, igneous rock formation?

Accepted Answer

A)  volcano 
B)  pluton 
C)  dome 
D)  lava flow 
A)  volcano 
B)  pluton 
C)  dome 
D)  lava flow

Question 7

Most sedimentary rocks are derived from preexisting rocks, or from organic materials (such as bone and shell).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following layers of Earth is liquid and is responsible for producing Earth's magnetic field?

Accepted Answer

A)  inner core 
B)  outer core 
C)  lower mantle 
D)  aesthenosphere 
A)  inner core 
B)  outer core 
C)  lower mantle 
D)  aesthenosphere

Question 9

Along ________ new ocean floor is formed by upwelling flows of magma, whereas along ________ old oceanic crust is destroyed.

Accepted Answer

A)  subduction zones; mid-ocean ridges 
B)  archipelagos; oceanic trenches 
C)  mid-ocean ridges; subduction zones 
D)  oceanic trenches; archipelagos 
A)  subduction zones; mid-ocean ridges 
B)  archipelagos; oceanic trenches 
C)  mid-ocean ridges; subduction zones 
D)  oceanic trenches; archipelagos

Question 10

Uniformitarianism assumes that

Accepted Answer

A)  Earth is quite young and is shaped by dramatic events. 
B)  catastrophic episodes have regularly occurred. 
C)  the same physical processes we see today are a key to understanding the processes that have been operating throughout geologic time. 
D)  mountains, plains, and canyons formed by catastrophic events. 
A)  Earth is quite young and is shaped by dramatic events. 
B)  catastrophic episodes have regularly occurred. 
C)  the same physical processes we see today are a key to understanding the processes that have been operating throughout geologic time. 
D)  mountains, plains, and canyons formed by catastrophic events.

Question 11

Of the elements in the Earth's crusts, ________ makes up the most of the Earth's crust by weight.

Accepted Answer

A)  silicon (Si) 
B)  aluminum (Al) 
C)  oxygen (O) 
D)  iron (Fe) 
A)  silicon (Si) 
B)  aluminum (Al) 
C)  oxygen (O) 
D)  iron (Fe)

Question 12

Which layer of the planet forms 80 percent of Earth's total volume, and has an average density of 4.5 grams/cm³?

Accepted Answer

A)  continental crust 
B)  oceanic crust 
C)  mantle 
D)  core 
A)  continental crust 
B)  oceanic crust 
C)  mantle 
D)  core

Question 13

Which of the following is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The age of the sea floor is the same in most areas of the ocean. 
B)  The age of the sea floor does not follow a discernable pattern. 
C)  The age of the sea floor increases with increasing distance from a mid-ocean ridge. 
D)  The age of the sea floor increases with increasing distance from a trench. 
E)  The oldest sea floor material is several billion years in age. 
A)  The age of the sea floor is the same in most areas of the ocean. 
B)  The age of the sea floor does not follow a discernable pattern. 
C)  The age of the sea floor increases with increasing distance from a mid-ocean ridge. 
D)  The age of the sea floor increases with increasing distance from a trench. 
E)  The oldest sea floor material is several billion years in age.

Question 14

Which of the following is not supporting evidence of plate tectonics?

Accepted Answer

A)  similar rock assemblages on the east coast of South America and West Coast of Africa 
B)  the "jigsaw puzzle" shape of the continents 
C)  lack of oceanic ridges that would indicate sea floor spreading 
D)  the fossil and climatic record 
A)  similar rock assemblages on the east coast of South America and West Coast of Africa 
B)  the "jigsaw puzzle" shape of the continents 
C)  lack of oceanic ridges that would indicate sea floor spreading 
D)  the fossil and climatic record

Question 15

The plastic layer in the mantle from about 70 to 250 km (43 to 155 mi) in depth is known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  asthenosphere. 
B)  lithosphere. 
C)  Moho. 
D)  Gutenberg discontinuity. 
A)  asthenosphere. 
B)  lithosphere. 
C)  Moho. 
D)  Gutenberg discontinuity.

Question 16

Roughly 95% of the Earth's crust is made up of silicates.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of the principle of uniformitarianism?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is not possible to know how Earth processes have changed overtime, therefore it is not possible to deduce how Earth's ancient landforms evolved. 
B)  The processes by which streams carve valleys at present are the same as those that carved valleys 500 millions years ago. 
C)  Catastrophic events, such as major landslides, earthquakes, and volcanic episodes, are the primary drivers of geomorphological change. 
D)  The Earth's geological history is mostly uniform and homogenous, existing now as it mostly always has with the exception of minor recent changes. 
A)  It is not possible to know how Earth processes have changed overtime, therefore it is not possible to deduce how Earth's ancient landforms evolved. 
B)  The processes by which streams carve valleys at present are the same as those that carved valleys 500 millions years ago. 
C)  Catastrophic events, such as major landslides, earthquakes, and volcanic episodes, are the primary drivers of geomorphological change. 
D)  The Earth's geological history is mostly uniform and homogenous, existing now as it mostly always has with the exception of minor recent changes.

Question 18

The three basic rock types are

Accepted Answer

A)  conglomerates, clastics, and evaporative. 
B)  intrusive, extrusive, and plutonic. 
C)  laterite, schist, and basalt. 
D)  sedimentary, metamorphic, and igeneous. 
A)  conglomerates, clastics, and evaporative. 
B)  intrusive, extrusive, and plutonic. 
C)  laterite, schist, and basalt. 
D)  sedimentary, metamorphic, and igeneous.

Question 19

Diagram and label the three types of plate boundaries.

Accepted Answer

Convergent boundaries occur in areas of

Question 20

Areas of upwelling material from the mantle to form new seafloor occur along

Accepted Answer

A)  divergent boundaries. 
B)  areas of seafloor spreading. 
C)  transform boundaries. 
D)  convergent boundaries. 
A)  divergent boundaries. 
B)  areas of seafloor spreading. 
C)  transform boundaries. 
D)  convergent boundaries.

According to currently accepted scientific theories, Earth is never affected by catastrophes.

Uniformitarianism assumes the physical processes now activity have been operating throughout the Earth's history.

The upper mantle is rigid, whereas the aesthenosphere is plastic-like.

Earth's magnetic field

Which of the following statements about Earth's core is not correct?

Which of the following is an example of an intrusive, igneous rock formation?

Most sedimentary rocks are derived from preexisting rocks, or from organic materials (such as bone and shell).

Which of the following layers of Earth is liquid and is responsible for producing Earth's magnetic field?

Along new ocean floor is formed by upwelling flows of magma, whereas along old oceanic crust is destroyed.

Uniformitarianism assumes that

Of the elements in the Earth's crusts, ________ makes up the most of the Earth's crust by weight.

Which layer of the planet forms 80 percent of Earth's total volume, and has an average density of 4.5 grams/cm³?

Which of the following is correct?

Which of the following is not supporting evidence of plate tectonics?

The plastic layer in the mantle from about 70 to 250 km (43 to 155 mi) in depth is known as the

Roughly 95% of the Earth's crust is made up of silicates.

Which of the following is an example of the principle of uniformitarianism?

The three basic rock types are

Diagram and label the three types of plate boundaries.

Areas of upwelling material from the mantle to form new seafloor occur along

Essentials of Geography

Solar Energy to Earth and the Seasons

Earths Modern Atmosphere

Atmosphere and Surface Energy Balances

Global Temperatures

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulations

Water and Atmospheric Moisture

Weather

Water Resources

Global Climate Systems

Climate Change

Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanism

Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

River Systems and Landforms

The Oceans, Coastal Processes, and Wind Processes

Glacial and Periglacial Processes and Landforms

The Geography of Soils

Ecosystem Essentials

Terrestrial Biomes

Filters

Exam 12: The Dynamic Planet

According to currently accepted scientific theories, Earth is never affected by catastrophes.

Uniformitarianism assumes the physical processes now activity have been operating throughout the Earth's history.

The upper mantle is rigid, whereas the aesthenosphere is plastic-like.

Earth's magnetic field

Which of the following statements about Earth's core is not correct?

Which of the following is an example of an intrusive, igneous rock formation?

Most sedimentary rocks are derived from preexisting rocks, or from organic materials (such as bone and shell).

Which of the following layers of Earth is liquid and is responsible for producing Earth's magnetic field?

Along ________ new ocean floor is formed by upwelling flows of magma, whereas along ________ old oceanic crust is destroyed.

Uniformitarianism assumes that

Of the elements in the Earth's crusts, ________ makes up the most of the Earth's crust by weight.

Which layer of the planet forms 80 percent of Earth's total volume, and has an average density of 4.5 grams/cm³?

Which of the following is correct?

Which of the following is not supporting evidence of plate tectonics?

The plastic layer in the mantle from about 70 to 250 km (43 to 155 mi) in depth is known as the

Roughly 95% of the Earth's crust is made up of silicates.

Which of the following is an example of the principle of uniformitarianism?

The three basic rock types are

Diagram and label the three types of plate boundaries.

Areas of upwelling material from the mantle to form new seafloor occur along

Essentials of Geography

Solar Energy to Earth and the Seasons

Earths Modern Atmosphere

Atmosphere and Surface Energy Balances

Global Temperatures

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulations

Water and Atmospheric Moisture

Weather

Water Resources

Global Climate Systems

Climate Change

Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanism

Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

River Systems and Landforms

The Oceans, Coastal Processes, and Wind Processes

Glacial and Periglacial Processes and Landforms

The Geography of Soils

Ecosystem Essentials

Terrestrial Biomes

Filters

Along new ocean floor is formed by upwelling flows of magma, whereas along old oceanic crust is destroyed.