Question 1

Who were the participants in the scientific societies such as the Royal Society?

Accepted Answer

A)  Men 
B)  People of financial means 
C)  University-educated students of science 
D)  People who believed they were a new class to interpret the natural world 
E)  All of these 
A)  Men 
B)  People of financial means 
C)  University-educated students of science 
D)  People who believed they were a new class to interpret the natural world 
E)  All of these

Question 2

How did Hobbes and Locke contradict each other with respect to their ideas of human nature? How did this extend into the political philosophy of the time?

Accepted Answer

Hobbes argued that human nature was esse

Question 3

The new venues for disseminating science and enlightenment works included all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  salons. 
B)  coffeehouses. 
C)  novels. 
D)  Masonic lodges. 
E)  guilds. 
A)  salons. 
B)  coffeehouses. 
C)  novels. 
D)  Masonic lodges. 
E)  guilds.

Question 4

Which philosopher endorsed the idea of political absolutism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thomas Hobbes 
B)  John Locke 
C)  Blaise Pascal 
D)  René Descartes 
E)  Immanuel Kant 
A)  Thomas Hobbes 
B)  John Locke 
C)  Blaise Pascal 
D)  René Descartes 
E)  Immanuel Kant

Question 5

Sir Isaac Newton embraced Baconian methodology as the standard for scientific empiricism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

How were the ideas of Abbé Raynal regarding the New World inhabitants perceived and refuted?

Accepted Answer

Raynal took up the previously debated id

Question 7

The major debates on human similarity and difference focused on all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  the institution of slavery. 
B)  the relationship between men and women. 
C)  the relationship between Europeans and non-Europeans. 
D)  the essence of human rights and whether these were universal. 
E)  elements of universality. 
A)  the institution of slavery. 
B)  the relationship between men and women. 
C)  the relationship between Europeans and non-Europeans. 
D)  the essence of human rights and whether these were universal. 
E)  elements of universality.

Question 8

How did Montesquieu suggest that the ideal form of government could be achieved?

Accepted Answer

In Spirit of the Laws Montesquieu analyz

Question 9

John Locke argued that

Accepted Answer

A)  government was a contract between the state and its people. 
B)  people were required to submit to authority rather than look after their own interests. 
C)  people were inherently evil and required a strong government to keep them in line. 
D)  science diverted people's attention from solving social issues. 
E)  none of these are true. 
A)  government was a contract between the state and its people. 
B)  people were required to submit to authority rather than look after their own interests. 
C)  people were inherently evil and required a strong government to keep them in line. 
D)  science diverted people's attention from solving social issues. 
E)  none of these are true.

Question 10

Abbé Raynal believed that Europeans were manifesting God's destiny in colonizing North America.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Under cameralism,in what way were kings were seen?

Accepted Answer

A)  as divinely ordained rulers 
B)  as unlimited authority figures 
C)  as supreme political managers 
D)  as directors of the people's will 
E)  as expendable 
A)  as divinely ordained rulers 
B)  as unlimited authority figures 
C)  as supreme political managers 
D)  as directors of the people's will 
E)  as expendable

Question 12

"Moderns" argued that human history was the story of intellectual progress.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

René Descartes used a deductive method,which was based on ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-awareness. 
B)  geometry 
C)  calculus 
D)  elementary physics. 
E)  logical analysis. 
A)  self-awareness. 
B)  geometry 
C)  calculus 
D)  elementary physics. 
E)  logical analysis.

Question 14

Most of the early scientists in the Scientific Revolution refused any royal patronage for fear of losing their autonomy in discoveries.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Denis Diderot believed that all human knowledge could be compiled and catalogued into an encyclopedia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Moses Mendelssohn brought Jewish philosophy into the Enlightenment with his ideas that

Accepted Answer

A)  Judaism should be stripped of miracles and supernatural references to reflect the natural world. 
B)  all religion was fraudulent. 
C)  Jews should embrace their unique beliefs as the foundation of monotheism. 
D)  Yiddish should be the universal vernacular language of the Hebrew people. 
E)  None of these. 
A)  Judaism should be stripped of miracles and supernatural references to reflect the natural world. 
B)  all religion was fraudulent. 
C)  Jews should embrace their unique beliefs as the foundation of monotheism. 
D)  Yiddish should be the universal vernacular language of the Hebrew people. 
E)  None of these.

Question 17

The idea that human history was the story of intellectual progress was espoused by

Accepted Answer

A)  New Scientists. 
B)  deists. 
C)  moderns. 
D)  freemasons. 
E)  the Royal Society. 
A)  New Scientists. 
B)  deists. 
C)  moderns. 
D)  freemasons. 
E)  the Royal Society.

Question 18

Johannes Kepler is credited with which discovery?

Accepted Answer

A)  He discovered that bodies orbited the sun in an elliptical motion. 
B)  He discovered that there was no such thing as retrograde motion in planetary orbits. 
C)  He invented the telescope. 
D)  He discovered a new star and he proved that the universe was constantly changing. 
E)  He discovered that the earth was smaller than Jupiter. 
A)  He discovered that bodies orbited the sun in an elliptical motion. 
B)  He discovered that there was no such thing as retrograde motion in planetary orbits. 
C)  He invented the telescope. 
D)  He discovered a new star and he proved that the universe was constantly changing. 
E)  He discovered that the earth was smaller than Jupiter.

Question 19

René Descartes is famous for

Accepted Answer

A)  bridging the Scientific Revolution and philosophy. 
B)  presenting a theory of gravity. 
C)  observing that orbits in planetary motion are elliptical rather than circular. 
D)  measuring the spectrum of visible light. 
E)  publishing Essays on Human Understanding. 
A)  bridging the Scientific Revolution and philosophy. 
B)  presenting a theory of gravity. 
C)  observing that orbits in planetary motion are elliptical rather than circular. 
D)  measuring the spectrum of visible light. 
E)  publishing Essays on Human Understanding.

Question 20

Whose motto was "Dare to know"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kant 
B)  Rousseau 
C)  Descartes 
D)  Voltaire 
E)  Diderot 
A)  Kant 
B)  Rousseau 
C)  Descartes 
D)  Voltaire 
E)  Diderot

Exam 17: The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment,1550-1790

Who were the participants in the scientific societies such as the Royal Society?

How did Hobbes and Locke contradict each other with respect to their ideas of human nature? How did this extend into the political philosophy of the time?

The new venues for disseminating science and enlightenment works included all of the following except

Which philosopher endorsed the idea of political absolutism?

Sir Isaac Newton embraced Baconian methodology as the standard for scientific empiricism.

How were the ideas of Abbé Raynal regarding the New World inhabitants perceived and refuted?

The major debates on human similarity and difference focused on all of the following except

How did Montesquieu suggest that the ideal form of government could be achieved?

John Locke argued that

Abbé Raynal believed that Europeans were manifesting God's destiny in colonizing North America.

Under cameralism,in what way were kings were seen?

"Moderns" argued that human history was the story of intellectual progress.

René Descartes used a deductive method,which was based on ____.

Most of the early scientists in the Scientific Revolution refused any royal patronage for fear of losing their autonomy in discoveries.

Denis Diderot believed that all human knowledge could be compiled and catalogued into an encyclopedia.

Moses Mendelssohn brought Jewish philosophy into the Enlightenment with his ideas that

The idea that human history was the story of intellectual progress was espoused by

Johannes Kepler is credited with which discovery?

René Descartes is famous for

Whose motto was "Dare to know"?

The Origins of Western Civilization in the Ancient Near East,3000-1200 B.C.E.

Iron Age Civilizations,1200-500 B.C.E.

The Rise of Greek Civilization,1100-387 B.C.E.

From Polis To Cosmopolis: The Hellenistic World,387-30 B.C.E.

The Rise of Rome,753-27 B.C.E.

The Roman Empire,27 B.C.E.-284 C.E.

Late Antiquity,284-527

The Eastern Mediterranean,500-1000

The Kingdoms of Western Europe,500-1000

The High Middle Ages,1000-1300

Reversals and Disasters,1300-1450

The Renaissance in Italy and Northern Europe,1350-1550

Europe’s Age of Expansion, 1450–1550

Reform in the Western Church,1490-1570

A Century of Crisis,1550-1650

State-Building and the European State System,1648-1789

Trade and Empire,1700-1800

Revolutionary France and Napoleonic Europe,1775-1815

Restoration and Reform: Conservative and Liberal Europe,1814-1847

Industrialization and Society,1800-1850

The Triumph of the Nation-State,1848-1900

The Culture of Industrial Europe,1850-1914

The Age of Imperialism,1870-1914

War and Revolution,1900-1918

A Decade of Revolutionary Experiments,1918-1929

Democracy Under Siege,1929-1945

Europe Divided,1945-1968

Lifting the Iron Curtain,1969-1991

Europe in a Globalizing World,1991 to the Present

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