Question 1

How was Thomas Beckett's murder emblematic of the larger problems between church and state in the High Middle Ages?

Accepted Answer

Beckett had been a long-time friend and aide to King Henry II of England,acting as his chancellor,even while being a member of the church.Ultimately promoted to archbishop of Canterbury despite the wishes of the previous archbishop,Beckett had a spiritual reawakening and declined to be Henry's man any longer.Henry was working to limit the power of the church and centralize secular power,and Beckett felt that was contrary to his interests,and so he resigned as chancellor.At odds with Henry,Beckett was ultimately exiled to France and then to Rome,and the conflict continued.Beckett excommunicated the king,even though he was not in England.When the king met with Beckett to form some kind of reconciliation,Beckett came back to England but refused to lift the excommunication.Exasperated,Henry inadvertently gave the indication to several of his courtiers that they should kill Beckett.Beckett was canonized three years later as a defender of the faith and a martyr.This event is significant as one of a series of conflicts between church and state because each tried to gain power at the expense of the other and continued to argue over whose influence was greatest.The king of England,in this case,tried to appoint his own political supporters to church positions over the objections of the church,stripped lands away from churches,and ultimately tried to remove clergy members from the jurisdiction of canon law.However,he was subject to the one church power that he could not overcome: excommunication.

Question 2

The first person to call for a crusade against heretics in Western Europe was

Accepted Answer

A)  Pope Innocent III 
B)  Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I 
C)  Dominic Guzman 
D)  King Philip Augustus of France 
E)  Francis of Assisi 
A)  Pope Innocent III 
B)  Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I 
C)  Dominic Guzman 
D)  King Philip Augustus of France 
E)  Francis of Assisi A

Question 3

How did Henry II of England and his sons curtail the strength of the nobility?

Accepted Answer

A)  They forced the nobility to provide military service. 
B)  They initiated the parliament. 
C)  They prevented the nobility from building new castles without licenses. 
D)  They demanded taxes from the nobility. 
E)  They required participation in the Crusades by law. 
A)  They forced the nobility to provide military service. 
B)  They initiated the parliament. 
C)  They prevented the nobility from building new castles without licenses. 
D)  They demanded taxes from the nobility. 
E)  They required participation in the Crusades by law. C

Question 4

The Crusades started as an attempt to assist Alexius Comnenus in defending the Byzantine Empire from the Seljuk Turks.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Eleanor of Aquitaine was an exception to which rule about noble women in Western Europe?

Accepted Answer

A)  She was not Roman Christian. 
B)  She refused to marry for political alliances. 
C)  She established a career as an abbotess. 
D)  She inherited large amounts of land. 
E)  She was crowned as co-ruler with Henry II. 
A)  She was not Roman Christian. 
B)  She refused to marry for political alliances. 
C)  She established a career as an abbotess. 
D)  She inherited large amounts of land. 
E)  She was crowned as co-ruler with Henry II.

Question 6

The Fourth Crusade saw the knights take the city of

Accepted Answer

A)  Acre. 
B)  Damascus. 
C)  Jerusalem. 
D)  Constantinople. 
E)  Lisbon. 
A)  Acre. 
B)  Damascus. 
C)  Jerusalem. 
D)  Constantinople. 
E)  Lisbon.

Question 7

The main objection to the appointment of Pope Leo IX was that he

Accepted Answer

A)  was married. 
B)  was chosen by the Holy Roman emperor rather than church officials. 
C)  had never been a monk. 
D)  was illiterate. 
E)  adhered to the Cistercian model of austerity, which many monks hated. 
A)  was married. 
B)  was chosen by the Holy Roman emperor rather than church officials. 
C)  had never been a monk. 
D)  was illiterate. 
E)  adhered to the Cistercian model of austerity, which many monks hated.

Question 8

Pope Urban II's call for the Crusades was spread throughout Europe by

Accepted Answer

A)  papal decree. 
B)  monks. 
C)  knights. 
D)  royal messengers. 
E)  troubadors. 
A)  papal decree. 
B)  monks. 
C)  knights. 
D)  royal messengers. 
E)  troubadors.

Question 9

When the First Crusaders came to Constantinople,Anna Comnena thought they were

Accepted Answer

A)  impressive. 
B)  talkative. 
C)  deeply religious. 
D)  chivalric. 
E)  curious. 
A)  impressive. 
B)  talkative. 
C)  deeply religious. 
D)  chivalric. 
E)  curious.

Question 10

Discuss the military affiliations of the Church and its personnel in the Middle Ages,and the circumstances that gave rise to them.

Accepted Answer

Two specific incidents gave rise to the

Question 11

Who were the members of the Teutonic Knights?

Accepted Answer

A)  Monk-knights who established a headquarters in the former temple of Solomon. 
B)  German merchants who set up a hospital. 
C)  Italian maritime tradesmen who provided ships to reach Jerusalem. 
D)  Dedicated volunteers who secured Syria as a Crusader State. 
E)  Slave traders who followed the Crusaders into siege and captured the conquered. 
A)  Monk-knights who established a headquarters in the former temple of Solomon. 
B)  German merchants who set up a hospital. 
C)  Italian maritime tradesmen who provided ships to reach Jerusalem. 
D)  Dedicated volunteers who secured Syria as a Crusader State. 
E)  Slave traders who followed the Crusaders into siege and captured the conquered.

Question 12

Western monastic scholars trying to understand Aristotle were helped by

Accepted Answer

A)  better communication and less isolation among scholars. 
B)  the translation of Aristotle's works into Latin. 
C)  the commentaries of Muslim scholars. 
D)  Maimonides' interpretations of Aristotle in Hebrew and Arabic. 
E)  All of these. 
A)  better communication and less isolation among scholars. 
B)  the translation of Aristotle's works into Latin. 
C)  the commentaries of Muslim scholars. 
D)  Maimonides' interpretations of Aristotle in Hebrew and Arabic. 
E)  All of these.

Question 13

What was the decision reached at the Concordat of Worms?

Accepted Answer

A)  The nobility had to recognize that the church had higher authority than the laity. 
B)  The church and state were entirely separate in legal jurisdictions. 
C)  The laity could not hand symbols of office to the clergy but could give them symbols of temporal authority. 
D)  The emperor had power over anyone in his land, clergy or laity. 
E)  The pope could negate vows of allegiance to a temporal lord. 
A)  The nobility had to recognize that the church had higher authority than the laity. 
B)  The church and state were entirely separate in legal jurisdictions. 
C)  The laity could not hand symbols of office to the clergy but could give them symbols of temporal authority. 
D)  The emperor had power over anyone in his land, clergy or laity. 
E)  The pope could negate vows of allegiance to a temporal lord.

Question 14

Primogeniture meant

Accepted Answer

A)  the primacy of the pope's authority was unquestioned. 
B)  those who paid a premium to the church were accorded commemorative masses. 
C)  the first-born sons of the nobility gained titles and property. 
D)  the age of majority was defined by conferring the sacrament of Confirmation. 
E)  None of these. 
A)  the primacy of the pope's authority was unquestioned. 
B)  those who paid a premium to the church were accorded commemorative masses. 
C)  the first-born sons of the nobility gained titles and property. 
D)  the age of majority was defined by conferring the sacrament of Confirmation. 
E)  None of these.

Question 15

Among the new orders of monasticism that developed in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries,which was devoted to rooting out heretics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Franciscans 
B)  Poor Clares 
C)  Dominicans 
D)  Benedictines 
E)  Ursalines 
A)  Franciscans 
B)  Poor Clares 
C)  Dominicans 
D)  Benedictines 
E)  Ursalines

Question 16

Discuss the restrictions placed on Jews after the Fourth Lateran Council.

Accepted Answer

The council's pronouncements included re

Question 17

The Fourth Lateran Council declared all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  standards of clerical behavior. 
B)  that the pope was the highest authority in Christendom. 
C)  that Christians had to go to confession once a year. 
D)  that close relatives could not marry each other. 
E)  that everyone had to tithe 10 percent of their earnings to the church. 
A)  standards of clerical behavior. 
B)  that the pope was the highest authority in Christendom. 
C)  that Christians had to go to confession once a year. 
D)  that close relatives could not marry each other. 
E)  that everyone had to tithe 10 percent of their earnings to the church.

Question 18

Thomas Aquinas' work Summa Theologiae was an attempt to

Accepted Answer

A)  assert that faith was necessary before reason. 
B)  attempt a complete statement of Christian philosophy. 
C)  establish all rules of the Lateran councils in one document. 
D)  explain why the Pope was a higher authority than a king. 
E)  refute the words of Peter Abelard. 
A)  assert that faith was necessary before reason. 
B)  attempt a complete statement of Christian philosophy. 
C)  establish all rules of the Lateran councils in one document. 
D)  explain why the Pope was a higher authority than a king. 
E)  refute the words of Peter Abelard.

Question 19

The Second Crusade failed because

Accepted Answer

A)  Conrad III died on the way. 
B)  there was no support from the Knights Templar because France was involved. 
C)  Saladin overthrew the military forces at Jerusalem. 
D)  the Crusaders were guilty of sin, according to the pope. 
E)  there was a massive surge of Muslim forces from south of Damascus. 
A)  Conrad III died on the way. 
B)  there was no support from the Knights Templar because France was involved. 
C)  Saladin overthrew the military forces at Jerusalem. 
D)  the Crusaders were guilty of sin, according to the pope. 
E)  there was a massive surge of Muslim forces from south of Damascus.

Question 20

The Peace of God

Accepted Answer

A)  declared that knights could not take weapons into church. 
B)  declared that fighting had to be approved by an oath before God. 
C)  ended the conflicts among the various monastic orders. 
D)  allowed fighting only on certain days of the week. 
E)  prohibited violence against women, the poor, and clergy. 
A)  declared that knights could not take weapons into church. 
B)  declared that fighting had to be approved by an oath before God. 
C)  ended the conflicts among the various monastic orders. 
D)  allowed fighting only on certain days of the week. 
E)  prohibited violence against women, the poor, and clergy.

Exam 10: The High Middle Ages,1000-1300

How was Thomas Beckett's murder emblematic of the larger problems between church and state in the High Middle Ages?

The first person to call for a crusade against heretics in Western Europe was

How did Henry II of England and his sons curtail the strength of the nobility?

The Crusades started as an attempt to assist Alexius Comnenus in defending the Byzantine Empire from the Seljuk Turks.

Eleanor of Aquitaine was an exception to which rule about noble women in Western Europe?

The Fourth Crusade saw the knights take the city of

The main objection to the appointment of Pope Leo IX was that he

Pope Urban II's call for the Crusades was spread throughout Europe by

When the First Crusaders came to Constantinople,Anna Comnena thought they were

Discuss the military affiliations of the Church and its personnel in the Middle Ages,and the circumstances that gave rise to them.

Who were the members of the Teutonic Knights?

Western monastic scholars trying to understand Aristotle were helped by

What was the decision reached at the Concordat of Worms?

Primogeniture meant

Among the new orders of monasticism that developed in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries,which was devoted to rooting out heretics?

Discuss the restrictions placed on Jews after the Fourth Lateran Council.

The Fourth Lateran Council declared all of the following except

Thomas Aquinas' work Summa Theologiae was an attempt to

The Second Crusade failed because

The Peace of God

The Origins of Western Civilization in the Ancient Near East,3000-1200 B.C.E.

Iron Age Civilizations,1200-500 B.C.E.

The Rise of Greek Civilization,1100-387 B.C.E.

From Polis To Cosmopolis: The Hellenistic World,387-30 B.C.E.

The Rise of Rome,753-27 B.C.E.

The Roman Empire,27 B.C.E.-284 C.E.

Late Antiquity,284-527

The Eastern Mediterranean,500-1000

The Kingdoms of Western Europe,500-1000

Reversals and Disasters,1300-1450

The Renaissance in Italy and Northern Europe,1350-1550

Europe’s Age of Expansion, 1450–1550

Reform in the Western Church,1490-1570

A Century of Crisis,1550-1650

State-Building and the European State System,1648-1789

The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment,1550-1790

Trade and Empire,1700-1800

Revolutionary France and Napoleonic Europe,1775-1815

Restoration and Reform: Conservative and Liberal Europe,1814-1847

Industrialization and Society,1800-1850

The Triumph of the Nation-State,1848-1900

The Culture of Industrial Europe,1850-1914

The Age of Imperialism,1870-1914

War and Revolution,1900-1918

A Decade of Revolutionary Experiments,1918-1929

Democracy Under Siege,1929-1945

Europe Divided,1945-1968

Lifting the Iron Curtain,1969-1991

Europe in a Globalizing World,1991 to the Present

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