Question 1

The person who undermined Raynal's argument of the brutishness of indigenous peoples by example was

Accepted Answer

A)  Thomas Jefferson 
B)  Benjamin Franklin 
C)  Bartolome de las Casas 
D)  John Winthrop 
E)  John Adams 
A)  Thomas Jefferson 
B)  Benjamin Franklin 
C)  Bartolome de las Casas 
D)  John Winthrop 
E)  John Adams B

Question 2

Analyze the debate over women's participation in the Enlightenment and in the intellectual community.

Accepted Answer

Mary Wollstonecraft pointed out in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman that there was an inherent contradiction for philosophes to argue for the liberation of slaves and against the subjugation of men under a tyrannical king,but still maintain the position that women were not equal to men on the basis of gender.Many philosophes had intellectually acknowledged that reason did not rely on physical determination,particularly with the philosophy of Cartesian dualism,but others,such as Rousseau,argued that women were irrational and inferior,and therefore should have no place in the intellectual community,salons,or debates;they should restrict their intellectual inclinations to instructing their children.To allow women to participate in the social forum of intellectual debate was contributing to the overall decline of civilization.Some physicians upheld this view.Wollstonecraft argued that if any defects were present in women,they existed because women had been denied adequate education,and that if it were provided,perceived inequalities would disappear.

Question 3

All of the following ideas are associated with John Locke except

Accepted Answer

A)  the chief purpose of government was to protect private property rights. 
B)  people are born without innate ideas. 
C)  absolutism is the best form of government. 
D)  human understanding comes through our experiences. 
E)  the concept of a social contract. 
A)  the chief purpose of government was to protect private property rights. 
B)  people are born without innate ideas. 
C)  absolutism is the best form of government. 
D)  human understanding comes through our experiences. 
E)  the concept of a social contract. C

Question 4

A support for the removal of religion from science was found in the ideas of

Accepted Answer

A)  deism. 
B)  the Scientific Method. 
C)  materialism 
D)  heliocentrism 
E)  pure gospel in the Reformation. 
A)  deism. 
B)  the Scientific Method. 
C)  materialism 
D)  heliocentrism 
E)  pure gospel in the Reformation.

Question 5

At the start of the Scientific Revolution,the predominant astronomic theories were derived from which Greek thinker?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aristotle. 
B)  Plato 
C)  Galen. 
D)  Ptolemy 
E)  Euclid 
A)  Aristotle. 
B)  Plato 
C)  Galen. 
D)  Ptolemy 
E)  Euclid

Question 6

How did the philosophes reconcile their ideas about human equality with institutions such as slavery and the disruption of indigenous peoples?

Accepted Answer

This situation created one of the great

Question 7

Descartes and Locke argued that,via Cartesian dualism,men and women were of equal intellectual potential.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

One of Voltaire's greatest supporters was

Accepted Answer

A)  Cosimo II de' Medici. 
B)  Alexander Pope. 
C)  Catherine II. 
D)  King Louis XVI of France. 
E)  King George III of England. 
A)  Cosimo II de' Medici. 
B)  Alexander Pope. 
C)  Catherine II. 
D)  King Louis XVI of France. 
E)  King George III of England.

Question 9

The writer of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman was

Accepted Answer

A)  Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun. 
B)  Aphra Behn. 
C)  Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. 
D)  Madame du Chatelet. 
E)  Mary Wollstonecraft. 
A)  Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun. 
B)  Aphra Behn. 
C)  Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. 
D)  Madame du Chatelet. 
E)  Mary Wollstonecraft.

Question 10

What was the main purpose for the meeting of freemasons?

Accepted Answer

A)  To discuss scientific progress and publications 
B)  To subvert Catholicism through intellectual debate 
C)  To form a network for the financial interests of guild members 
D)  To create a fraternity for social interaction 
E)  To conspire to overthrow the government 
A)  To discuss scientific progress and publications 
B)  To subvert Catholicism through intellectual debate 
C)  To form a network for the financial interests of guild members 
D)  To create a fraternity for social interaction 
E)  To conspire to overthrow the government

Question 11

The idea of public opinion as influencing state politics was seen most in which countries?

Accepted Answer

A)  England and France. 
B)  France and Spain. 
C)  The Netherlands. 
D)  Prussia and Russia 
E)  Prussia and Austria. 
A)  England and France. 
B)  France and Spain. 
C)  The Netherlands. 
D)  Prussia and Russia 
E)  Prussia and Austria.

Question 12

How did the evolution of the coffee house and the salon advance ideas of the Enlightenment?

Accepted Answer

Both the coffee house and the salon prov

Question 13

Which of the following scientific discoveries is not attributed to Galileo?

Accepted Answer

A)  that the sun had spots 
B)  invention of the telescope 
C)  that matter is continually in motion 
D)  that the sun is fixed in the universe and the earth rotates on an axis 
E)  All of these were attributed to Galileo. 
A)  that the sun had spots 
B)  invention of the telescope 
C)  that matter is continually in motion 
D)  that the sun is fixed in the universe and the earth rotates on an axis 
E)  All of these were attributed to Galileo.

Question 14

The scientist who conducted his own dissection of corpses during anatomy lectures was

Accepted Answer

A)  Andreas Vesalius. 
B)  Galen. 
C)  William Harvey. 
D)  Ptolemy. 
E)  Leonardo Da Vinci. 
A)  Andreas Vesalius. 
B)  Galen. 
C)  William Harvey. 
D)  Ptolemy. 
E)  Leonardo Da Vinci.

Question 15

The underlying debate in the Calas affair was

Accepted Answer

A)  how much power a government should have. 
B)  how corrupt religion was in France. 
C)  whether it was appropriate for torture to be used in legal proceedings. 
D)  whether people should have the right to switch religions. 
E)  the necessity of the government to remain separate from religious concerns in the area of legal justice. 
A)  how much power a government should have. 
B)  how corrupt religion was in France. 
C)  whether it was appropriate for torture to be used in legal proceedings. 
D)  whether people should have the right to switch religions. 
E)  the necessity of the government to remain separate from religious concerns in the area of legal justice.

Question 16

One of the clearest signs of the rise of literacy in eighteenth-century Europe was

Accepted Answer

A)  the spread of lending libraries. 
B)  increased circulation of newspapers. 
C)  growth of the printing profession. 
D)  women working as writers. 
E)  None of these indicates rising literacy rates. 
A)  the spread of lending libraries. 
B)  increased circulation of newspapers. 
C)  growth of the printing profession. 
D)  women working as writers. 
E)  None of these indicates rising literacy rates.

Question 17

Sir Francis Bacon is notable for

Accepted Answer

A)  being lord chancellor under James I. 
B)  being a proponent of the inductive method. 
C)  contributing to Newton's scientific method. 
D)  believing that authority of knowledge came from the world itself, not the ancient scientific writings. 
E)  all of these. 
A)  being lord chancellor under James I. 
B)  being a proponent of the inductive method. 
C)  contributing to Newton's scientific method. 
D)  believing that authority of knowledge came from the world itself, not the ancient scientific writings. 
E)  all of these.

Question 18

The places where women could participate in the reading revolution on an equal footing were

Accepted Answer

A)  salons. 
B)  coffeehouses. 
C)  universities. 
D)  businesses. 
E)  royal circles. 
A)  salons. 
B)  coffeehouses. 
C)  universities. 
D)  businesses. 
E)  royal circles.

Question 19

The person who best embodied the Enlightenment was

Accepted Answer

A)  Diderot. 
B)  Montesquieu. 
C)  Newton. 
D)  Voltaire. 
E)  Rousseau. 
A)  Diderot. 
B)  Montesquieu. 
C)  Newton. 
D)  Voltaire. 
E)  Rousseau.

Question 20

Why was New Science considered revolutionary and how did it constitute a new shift in intellectual thinking?

Accepted Answer

The widespread reintroduction of classic

Exam 17: The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment,1550-1790

The person who undermined Raynal's argument of the brutishness of indigenous peoples by example was

Analyze the debate over women's participation in the Enlightenment and in the intellectual community.

All of the following ideas are associated with John Locke except

A support for the removal of religion from science was found in the ideas of

At the start of the Scientific Revolution,the predominant astronomic theories were derived from which Greek thinker?

How did the philosophes reconcile their ideas about human equality with institutions such as slavery and the disruption of indigenous peoples?

Descartes and Locke argued that,via Cartesian dualism,men and women were of equal intellectual potential.

One of Voltaire's greatest supporters was

The writer of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman was

What was the main purpose for the meeting of freemasons?

The idea of public opinion as influencing state politics was seen most in which countries?

How did the evolution of the coffee house and the salon advance ideas of the Enlightenment?

Which of the following scientific discoveries is not attributed to Galileo?

The scientist who conducted his own dissection of corpses during anatomy lectures was

The underlying debate in the Calas affair was

One of the clearest signs of the rise of literacy in eighteenth-century Europe was

Sir Francis Bacon is notable for

The places where women could participate in the reading revolution on an equal footing were

The person who best embodied the Enlightenment was

Why was New Science considered revolutionary and how did it constitute a new shift in intellectual thinking?

The Origins of Western Civilization in the Ancient Near East,3000-1200 B.C.E.

Iron Age Civilizations,1200-500 B.C.E.

The Rise of Greek Civilization,1100-387 B.C.E.

From Polis To Cosmopolis: The Hellenistic World,387-30 B.C.E.

The Rise of Rome,753-27 B.C.E.

The Roman Empire,27 B.C.E.-284 C.E.

Late Antiquity,284-527

The Eastern Mediterranean,500-1000

The Kingdoms of Western Europe,500-1000

The High Middle Ages,1000-1300

Reversals and Disasters,1300-1450

The Renaissance in Italy and Northern Europe,1350-1550

Europe’s Age of Expansion, 1450–1550

Reform in the Western Church,1490-1570

A Century of Crisis,1550-1650

State-Building and the European State System,1648-1789

Trade and Empire,1700-1800

Revolutionary France and Napoleonic Europe,1775-1815

Restoration and Reform: Conservative and Liberal Europe,1814-1847

Industrialization and Society,1800-1850

The Triumph of the Nation-State,1848-1900

The Culture of Industrial Europe,1850-1914

The Age of Imperialism,1870-1914

War and Revolution,1900-1918

A Decade of Revolutionary Experiments,1918-1929

Democracy Under Siege,1929-1945

Europe Divided,1945-1968

Lifting the Iron Curtain,1969-1991

Europe in a Globalizing World,1991 to the Present

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