Exam 17: Religion

__________ refers to a belief in more than one god.

A(n) __________ is a large,bureaucratically organized religious organization that tends to seek accommodation with the larger society in order to maintain some degree of control over it.Membership is largely based on birth; typically,children of members are baptized as infants and become lifelong members.

According to the interactionist perspective,religious symbols:

__________ involves a decline in religion in everyday life and a corresponding increase in organizations that are highly bureaucratized,fragmented,and impersonal.

One of the best known religious leaders of modern times was Mohandas "Mahatma" Gandhi,the champion of India's independence movement,who was devoted to the __________ ideals of nonviolence,honesty,and courage.

In Hinduism,the soul's acquisition of each new body is tied to the law of __________ (deed or act),which is a doctrine of the moral law of cause and effect.

In postindustrial societies,religion often takes the form of animism,which is the belief that supernatural forces affect people's lives either positively or negatively.

__________ was one of the first sociologists to emphasize that religion is essential to the maintenance of society.He suggested that religion is a cultural universal found in all societies because it meets basic human needs and serves important societal functions.

__________ is a nontheistic religion-a religion based on a belief in divine spiritual forces such as sacred principles of thought and conduct,rather than a god or gods.

The relationship between the individual and something larger than oneself,such as a broader sense of connection with the surrounding world,is referred to as spirituality.

Describe conflict perspectives on religion and distinguish between the approaches of sociologists Karl Marx and Max Weber.

Anti-Semitism has been a continuing problem in the United States since the late 19ᵗʰ century.Like other forms of prejudice and discrimination,it has exacted a heavy toll on multiple generations of:

In very simple preindustrial societies,religion often takes the form of __________-the belief that supernatural forces affect people's lives either positively or negatively.

Conflict theorists focus their attention on a microlevel analysis that examines the meanings people give to religion in their everyday lives.For many people,religion serves as a reference group to help them define themselves.For example,religious symbols have meaning for large bodies of people (such as the cross holds special meaning for Christians).

The Islamic faith is based on the __________-the holy book of the Muslims,as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad through the Angel Gabriel at the command of God.It reveals that it is up to God,not humans,to determine which individuals are deserving of punishment and what kinds of violence are justified under various conditions.

__________ Buddhism is centered in Japan,China,and Korea and primarily focuses on meditation and the Four Noble Truths.

Which of the following sociological perspectives analyzes the microlevel Aspects of religion?

Hindu beliefs and practice have been preserved through an oral tradition and expressed in texts and hymns known as the:

__________ founder,Siddhartha Gautama of the Sakyas,was born into the privileged class.He was referred to as Buddha,meaning "the Enlightened One," and spent his life teaching others how to reach nirvana.

The Islamic notion of jihad,meaning "struggle," is a core belief.The Greater Jihad is believed to be the internal struggle against sin within a person's heart,whereas the Lesser Jihad is the external struggle that takes place in the world,including violence and war.