Exam 10: Race and Ethnicity

Between 1619 and the 1860s,about __________ Africans were forcibly Brought to North America,primarily to work on southern plantations.These actions were justified by the devaluation and stereotyping of African Americans.

Sociologist Joe Feagin identified __________ as harmful action intentionally taken by a dominant group member against a member of a subordinate group.This type of discrimination occurs without the support of other members of the dominant group in the immediate social or community context.

__________ is still prevalent in many U.S.cities; owners,landlords,real estate agents,and apartment managers often use informal mechanisms to maintain their properties for "whites only."

__________ have a high price even for survivors,whose life chances can become bleaker even after the violence subsides.

Segregation may be enforced by law.__________ segregation refers to laws that systematically enforced the physical and social separation of African Americans in all areas of public life.

According to sociologist Robert Merton's typology of prejudice and discrimination,__________ hold personal prejudice but do not discriminate due to peer pressure,legal demands,or a desire for profits.

Define the following terms: prejudice,stereotypes,and racism.

To sociologists,a __________ is one whose members,because of physical or cultural characteristics,are disadvantaged and subjected to unequal treatment by the controlling group,and therefore regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination.

__________ involves actions or practices of dominant group members (or their representatives) that have a harmful impact on members of a subordinate group.

Special education classes were originally intended to provide extra educational opportunities for children with various types of disabilities.Some critics claim that these programs have amounted to racial segregation in many school districts.According to sociologist Joe Feagin,these policies illustrate __________ discrimination.

Ethnic groups share five main characteristics.One of them is "territoriality," or the tendency to occupy a distinct geographic area (such as Little Italy or Little Havana) by choice and/or for self-protection.

__________ assimilation involves a change in racial or ethnic self-identification on the part of an individual.

When Puerto Rico became a possession of the United States in 1917,Puerto Ricans acquired U.S.citizenship and the right to move freely to and from the mainland.

Since 1970,many immigrants have arrived in the United States from countries located in the "Middle East," which is the geographic region from Afghanistan to Libya and includes Arabia,Cyprus,and Asiatic Turkey.

__________ refers to the spatial and social separation of categories of people by race,ethnicity,class,gender,and/or religion.

In the United States,whites with Northern European ancestry (often referred to as Euro-Americans,white Anglo-Saxon Protestants,or WASPs),are considered to be a __________ group.

In sports,calling a player of color a derogatory name,participating in racist chanting during a sporting event,and writing racist graffiti in a team's locker room are all forms of __________ racism.

The "Trail of Tears" refers to:

According to the critical race theory,the best way to document racism and ongoing inequality in society is to listen to the lived experiences of people who have experienced such discrimination.

The "Jim Crow" laws were designed to discriminate against __________.