Exam 3: Culture

Define material culture and nonmaterial culture.Describe three examples of each in your own culture and how they have developed over time.

__________ are a particular culture's strongly held norms with moral and ethical connotations that may not be violated without serious consequences.

Anthropologist Marvin Harris points out that,from an ethnocentric viewpoint,people in the United States are likely to conclude that cow worship in India is a primary cause of hunger and poverty in that country.At the same time,Harris demonstrates that the Hindu taboo against killing cattle is very important to the economic system in India.His approach illustrates:

__________ is the process of reshaping existing cultural items into a new form.Guns,video games,and airplanes are examples that positively or negatively affect our lives today.

French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu's cultural capital theory views high culture as a device used by the dominant class to exclude the subordinate classes.

Recent data gathered by the U.S.Census Bureau indicate that approximately __________ percent of the people in this country speak a language other than English at home.

A counterculture is a category of people who share distinguishing attributes,beliefs,values,and/or norms that set them apart in some significant manner from the dominant culture.

__________ deals with disputes among persons or groups.Persons who lose these types of law suits may encounter negative sanctions,such as having to pay compensation to the other party or being ordered to stop certain conduct.

A reflex is an unlearned,biologically determined behavior pattern common to all members of a species that predictably occurs whenever certain environmental conditions exist.

Summarize how societies continually experience cultural change at both material and nonmaterial levels.

__________ state what behavior is inappropriate or unacceptable.Laws that prohibit us from driving over the speed limit and "good manners" that preclude you from reading a newspaper during class are examples.

According to sociologist John Lofland,body piercing,"surfing" the Internet,and fad diets where a person eats large quantities of one specific food such as grapefruit or popcorn are all examples of a(n) ___________ fad.

The joy of work,the primacy of the home,faithfulness,thriftiness,tradition,and humility are examples of ___________ that are part of the Old Order of Amish culture.

According to sociologist John Lofland,__________ are items that people purchase despite the fact that they have little use or intrinsic value.

__________ is the transmission of cultural items or social practices from one group or society to another through such means as exploration,military endeavors,the media,tourism,and immigration.

The view that language is a source of power and social control and that it perpetuates inequalities between people and between groups because words are used to "keep people in their place" is representative of what theoretical perspective?

State the definitions for culture shock,ethnocentrism,and cultural relativism,and explain the relationship between these three concepts.

Explain the primary ways that language influences culture.

Distinguish between discovery,invention,and diffusion as means of cultural change.

Which of the following statements regarding cultural universals is FALSE?