Exam 3: The White Racial Frame- a Social Force

Discuss how even though a century of physical and social science has shown how socially constructed and useless for assessing real biological ancestry and health issues old racist categories are, their dominance in Western culture is so strong that some physical scientists cannot resist using them.

Describe how beginning in the late 1960s with Richard Nixon's presidential administration, the rhetoric of "equal opportunity" and "colorblindness" was accompanied by a federal government aggressively backing away from commitments to racial desegregation and enforcement of civil rights laws.

Discuss the impact of the individualistic Protestant ethic on the framing of virtuous whites and uncivilized others.

The most recent Federal Communications Commission study calculated from available data that _____________ of full power commercial television stations are owned by African Americans and that _____________ are owned by Americans of color.

This sociologist coined the phrase white fragility to describe that which prevents white Americans from confronting racism.

In a 2017 book, Is Science Racist? the biological anthropologist Jonathan Marks noted that there is too much toleration for racist framing in science: "If you espouse racist ideas in science, that's not quite so bad. People might look at you a little askance, but as a racist you can coexist in science alongside them."

In 2007, a Nobel prize winner in science argued that "IQ" test data indicate that black people are less intelligent than whites.

Since the 1960s, white conservative organizations have worked tirelessly in pressing Congress, the courts, and the private sector to weaken or eliminate antidiscrimination programs such as affirmative action.

Recent surveys indicate that college graduates are startlingly uninformed regarding U.S. history and the political system. Findings include:

As early as _________, Reverend Samuel Purchas spoke of the "black Negroe" and the "whiter European."

In his 1830 lectures the leading German philosopher ___________ spoke about the "Negro" as "natural man in his wild and untamed nature" and argued that there is "nothing remotely humanized in the Negro's character."

Abraham Lincoln, soon called the "Great Emancipator," had made his white- supremacist views very clear, views later cited by southern officials in their 1960s struggle to protect legal segregation.

Explain how the expansion of enslavement and color typing developed side by side, thereby reinforcing each other.

Describe conservative Attorney General Jeff Sessions's 2016 effort to challenge in court the modest affirmative action efforts still left in college admissions programs.

Explain how scientific racism was periodically used by white members of Congress to support passage of discriminatory legislation.

City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co., 488 U.S. 469 was a Supreme Court case that held that the city of Richmond's minority set-aside program, which gave preference to minority business enterprises in the awarding of municipal contracts, was unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause.

By the 1940s and 1950s African American protests against Jim Crow segregation were growing and having a very negative impact on the U.S. image abroad.

German anatomist and anthropologist ____________ coined the term "Caucasians" (Europeans) because in his judgment the people of the Caucasus were the most beautiful Europeans.

With a focus on distinguished judges, including Supreme Court judges, explain how with the end of Reconstruction in 1877 came comprehensive Jim Crow segregation in the South and other areas. Be sure to include Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) in your explanation.

Television viewing has an important effect on white viewers' negative stereotypes of U.S. Latinos, especially when these viewers feel that they had learned important information about Latinos from watching television.