Exam 4: Contemporary Racial Framing: White Americans

Discuss how whites mix negative views of black Americans with images of white innocence, thereby giving expression to elements of a broader racial framing.

Research by __________ on black beauty-salon owners found that such businesses are places where black beauty is defined, honored, and enhanced, often in resistance to white racial framing.

Recent surveys reveal that more than half of whites believe that government and private agencies should be making extensive remedial and reparative efforts on behalf of Americans of color.

Discuss racialized gaming as an illustration of how the white racial frame is constantly reinforced and propagated in the larger society, especially in the next generation of young people.

Describe contemporary research on white thought and behavior that shows the persistence of strong white-racist attitudes about black Americans and other Americans of color.

Pew Center surveys have found that most black respondents report widespread racial discrimination in major institutions. In one major survey:

National surveys have found that a majority of Americans - including a large majority of Americans of color - feel that overt racial prejudice and hostility have not increased since the 2016 presidential election.

An experimental study found that exposing white subjects to news portrayals of white perpetrators and black perpetrators of rape crimes resulted in more punitive judgments about black perpetrators than white perpetrators. Discuss the significance of such research findings to the many whites serving in various criminal justice system roles, including as jurors, police officers, prosecutors, and judges.

In the century after the 1860s Civil War, racist images of black Americans were widely circulated in what was the relatively new means of commercial advertising, used to sell everything from tooth paste to pancakes.

One recent study found that whites' negative views of African Americans still hinder their willingness to support even strict and limited government welfare programs.

Explain why persisting anti-black framing indicates much more than a matter of scattered bigots, including how the perpetuation of systemic racism requires an intergenerational reproducing not only of racist institutions and structures but also of its rationalizing racial frame.

In terms of the white racial frame, explain how ape imagery is yet another way of symbolizing black Americans as inferior, animalistic, or threatening to whites.

Describe the work of Adia Wingfield and Kamesha Spates are counter-resistance to white racially framing of black women.

A national survey found that 40 percent of black men and black women had experienced discrimination from whites and others who acted afraid of them.

Studies show that video game creators often intentionally add explicit white-racist dimensions to games to please their players and ensure profitability.

Describe the white racially framed attacks on Barack Obama and Michelle Obama. Be sure to include in your answer the impact these repeated negative characterizations of the Obamas have had on whites' broader negative framing of black Americans generally.

National opinion surveys in the 1930s showed little white support for segregationist views.

In his study of Google searches for racial terms, researcher Seth Stephens-Davidowitz found:

Research on white children has shown that they are resistant to racist socialization, including to notions of colorblindness.

Today, a majority of whites do not view "equality of opportunity" as the current societal reality.